Placental extract

Validation of the role of femloyl-CoA in the synthesis of the vanillin precursor will be detection of the appropriate intermediates and/or enzyme activities in placental extracts that could account for the production of the predicted levels of capsaicinoids. The presence of low levels of monolignol intermediates could be explained by lignin biosynthesis. An alternate route from phenylalanine to vanillin has been considered by some investigators Orlova et al. [68] demonstrated the role of the benzenoid pathway in petunia flowers for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatiles. 

Stored under continuous light, and placental extracts from non-pungent fruit could synthesize capsaicinoids if vanillylamine and isocapric acid are provided. Together, these results raise the possibility that the gene product at Pml is a regulatory gene or a structural gene upstream in either the phenylpropanoid pathway or the branched chain fatty acid pathway and not capsaicinoid synthase. 

Hormones Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), placental extracts Novarel NA... 

Chorionic gonadotropin, recombinant [SY] Novarel (placental extracts) [BIO]... 

ANTI AGEING AGENTS have yet to be discovered. However, many factors involved in physical deterioration have been identified, and some palliative measures to slow these processes, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, are well known, such as dietary restriction, exercise etc. There have been many investigations of the effects of placental extracts and other hormonal treatments but the results are unconvincing. More recently, there have been hopeful results from studies of antioxidants, superoxide dismutase modifiers and free-radical scavengers. 

Allen, E., Doisy, E. A. The menstrual cycle of the monkey, Macacus rhesus. Observations on normal animals, the effects of removal of the ovaries and the effects of injection of ovarian and placental extracts into the spayed animals. Contr. Emhryol. Cameg. Instn. 1927, 19, 1 4. 

The activity of quinone reductase, a major protective enzyme, was increased 2-3-fold in first trimester human placental extracts in vitro when incubated for 6 hours with benz[a]anthracene. dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and chrysene at a concentration of 50 jmol (Avigdor et al. 1992). Based on these results, it can be postulated that the early placenta is capable of metabolizing certain toxic xenobiotics such as PAH quinone metabolites to inactive intermediates thereby protecting the developing embryo. 

Tyramine (V) is a common constituent of putrefied organs—human intestines, cod liver, pancreas, egg albumin, and horse meat (25). It is present in Cheddar cheese (26), Emmental cheese (27), and raw-milk cheese (28). The hypertensive action of placental extracts (29) and of liver extracts (30) is attributed to tyramine. Bacteria such as Escherichia... 

Ciaccio (1910) studied the lipids in the chorionic villi of the placenta, but in his opinion the droplets represented metabolic byproducts rather than secretory antecedents. In 1912, Fellner demonstrated that placental extracts were capable of stimulating the uterus in the same way as ovarian extracts. It was not until 1921 that Fujimura suggested, from a careful cytological study of the placenta, that the lipid droplets constituted secretory granules. 

Shukla VK, Rasheed MA, Kumar M, Gupta SK, Pandey SS. A trial to determine the role of placental extract in the treatment of chronic non-heahng wounds. J Wound Care May 2004 13(5) 177-9. 

Chandanwale A, Langade D, Mohod V, Sinha S, Ramteke A, Bakhshi GD, et al. Comparative evaluation of human placental extract for its healing potential in surgical wounds after orthopaedic surgery an open, randomised, comparative study. J Indian Med Assoc June 2008 106(6) 405-8. 

Cole FR. Placental blood and placental extract in wound healing. Am J Surg July 1948 76(1) 38 3. 

Two forms of sialyltransferase have been isolated from human placental extracts one (mol. wt. 8 x 10 ) binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose but the other (mol. wt. 8 x 10 ) does not bind. ... 

Though previous reports have left in doubt the growth promoting potential of the various placental extracts which react with human growth hormone antiserum, the aforementioned data affirmatively establish the anabolic actions of PPP(H) moreover, it is equally evident that the present preparations of PPP(H) are appreciably less potent than pituitary growth hormone,... 

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