Pitch emulsions

Figure 3.4 Distribution of resin acids and fatty acids between lipophilic phase and water phase at 50 °C and tow NaCt concentration in wood pitch emulsion.

A. Sundberg, A. Strand, L. Vahasalo and B. Holmbom, Phase distribution of resin and fatty acids in colloidal pitch emulsions at different pH-levels, journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 30, 912-919, 2009. Reprinted by permission of the Taylor Francis Group, http //www.informaworld.com. 

Figure 3.5 Distribution of abietic acid and oleic acid between lipophilic phase and water phase in a wood pitch emulsion at different NaCI concentrations. The temperature was 50 °C.

Figure 3.9 Stabilization by native acetylated spruce galactog ucomannan, with an average molar mass of 20 kDa, of a colloidal spruce pitch emulsion against aggregation with calcium ions.

Ethanol-precipitated GGM was more effective than the other studied mannans, and was almost as effective as corn arabinoxylan, which is considered to be a good stabilizer. The study gave the first indication of spruce GGM as a potential stabilizer of food emulsions and was much in line with the previous stabilizing studies of pitch emulsions [51]. 

MacNeil, D., Sundberg, A., Vahasalo, L. and Hohnbom, B. (2009) Effect of calcium on the phase distribution of resin and fatty acids in pitch emulsions (submitted). 

Timber-preservation creosotes are mainly blends of wash oil, strained anthracene oil, and heavy oil having minor amounts of oils boiling in the 200—250°C range. Coal-tar creosote is also a feedstock for carbon black manufacture (see Carbon, carbon black). Almost any blend of tar oils is suitable for this purpose, but the heavier oils are preferred. Other smaller markets for creosote were for fluxing coal tar, pitch, and bitumen in the manufacture of road binders and for the production of horticultural winter wash oils and disinfectant emulsions. 

Petroleum-handel, m. petroleum trade, -hei zung, /. heating with petroleum, -pech, n. petroleum pitch, -prober, -priifer, m. petroleum tester, -quelle, /. oil well, -seifen-briihe,/. Agric.) kerosene emulsion. 

Newpol. [Sanyo Chem. Industries] EO/ PO blo copolymo- base material for household and industrial detergents plasticizer, antistat for phenol resins emulsifier for agric. pesticides and emulsion polymerizaticxi pigment and pitch dispersant... 

Thus, steel pipes previously coated with bitumen or coal tar pitch can be wrapped with a bonded glass fiber mat based on this type of resin. In this context, 2 is mixed with water in the presence of an emulsifying agent and an acid catalyst and the ensuing emulsion impregnates the mat. Then, the resulting composite is heated in order to remove the water and induce the acid-catalyzed polycondensation of the matrix. 

When cholesteric liquid crystals are encapsulated in droplet form, the bistability can be preserved when droplet size is much larger than the pitch [64]. There arc two methods which are used to encapsulate Ch liquid crystals phase separation and emulsification. In phase separation [69], the Ch liquid crystal is mixed with monomers or oligomers to make a homogeneous mixture. The mixture is coated on plastic substrates and then another substrate is laminated on. The monomers or oligomers are then polymerized to induce phase separation. The liquid crystal phase separates from the polymer to form droplets. In the emulsification method [70-73], the Ch liquid crystal, water, and a water dissolvable polymer are placed in a container. Water dissolves the polymer to form a viscous solution, which does not dissolve the liquid crystal. When this system is stirred by a propeller blade at a sufficiently high speed, micron-size liquid crystal droplets are formed. The emulsion is then coated on a substrate and the water is allowed to evaporate. After the water evaporates, a second substrate is laminated to form the Ch display. 

Printability With 230 stainless steel wire mesh and emulsion thickness of 7.5 pm Sintered thickness 28-38 pm 200 pm traces on 400 pm pitch... 

The data used to illustrate emulsion polymerization at low Reynolds numbers were obtained by emulsion polymerization of styrene for 5 hours at 70 in a 500-ml reactor equipped with a 1.5-inch pitched-blade impeller under conditions where 500stirring rate. Although there are only three points, they form a straight line that extrapolates to a point close to the origin. 

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