Pipe racks additions

Pipe rack additions are shown in Exhibit 11-30. rea A shows a standard two-level pipe rack, as lanned. Because it is always possible for the pipe rack ) be expanded in the future, the area over the slumns must be kept free of piping and conduit. The iture expansion may include another new level (B), 1 air cooler (C), or a series of shell and tube exchang-rs (D). The preferred location of a relief header )Ove a pipe rack is illustrated in Exhibit 11-12. 

The layout of the various sewer systems can begin with a careful indication of all the major equipment foundations, the locations of which are taken from the plot plan. Care should be exercised to indicate all pipe rack columns, lighting poles and all minor footings, which, if not shown, may result in interferences with the sewers. Underground cooling-water systems should be integrated into the sewer system layout as an additional system as it would be impossible to avoid interferences. The same can be said of any underground electrical utilities they must be also indicated on the sewer layout to avoid any interferences. 

The bottom support elevation of the main pipe rad< is dictated by the maintenance and piping clearance beneath the pipe rack, with additional levels spaced at 6-ft (1,800-mm) intervals. On projects with very large diameter piping, increasing this dimension to suit clearance requirements should be considered when pipe direaion is changed. External clearances (e.g, over main roads or intersections with off-.site pipe racks) need close attention. Exhibit 3-20 shows a typical pipe rack elevation. 

Shut-off valves at utility headers are located inside the rack area in the horizontal position, directly above the header if room permits. Operating valves must be accessible from platforms or by chain operators. The location of the valve must also permit the chain to fall free of obstructions that would hamper operation. An additional 20% of space must be allowed for future pipe rack growth. An alternative approach to such expansion is shown in Exhibit 11-13. 

A pipe rack composite is shown in Exhibit 11-5. This view highlights features mentioned previously and clarifies additional considerations. For example, the width of the access way is determined by the space needed to maintain the equipment located at grade below the pipe rack. For process or cost reasons, shell and tube exchangers may be located under a pipe rad in certain process units. Allowances must be made tc... 

In Bond and M s first and only scene in Dr. No, Bond has just come from a casino. He wears a tailored tuxedo and carries a cigarette case M, on the other hand, wears what appears to be an off-the-rack business suit and smokes a pipe. M appears as Ae paternal male, while Bond could very well be described as foppish in old-school terms, or in the more modem vernacular, metrosexual. In addition to giving Bond his assigiunent, M also gives Bond a new gun. M is disappointed by Bond s continued use of this damn Berretta, which the armorer says would be more appropriate in a lady s handbag. Bond is made to cany the Walther PPK instead. 

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