Pine nuts

With the exception of peanuts, most of the important nuts from around the world are home on trees, many of them from native seedlings. Among the latter group are the beechnut, Bra2il nut, butternut, chestnut, filbert, hickory nut, pecan, pine nut, and black walnut. The pecan, Knglish walnut, filbert, and almond are the four principal edible tree nuts produced in the United States, where the term Knglish walnut is used synonymously with the Persian or Carpathian walnut (2). 

Fats and fatty oils). For the most part, oil is contained in the kernel or embryo of the seed, though it can also occur in the flesh of the ginkgo fmit and in the endosperm of coconut, palm, and pine nuts. Relative amounts of some fatty acids present in a few types of nuts are given in Table 5. Considerable variations in the percentages of fatty acids have also been reported in both pecan and peanut oils from a variety of sources. (Table 6). (For main physical characteristics and the composition of nut oils, see Fats and fatty oils. 

Meat of other fish. Cereals, excluding bran, germ, wheat, and rice. Stem vegetables, pine nuts, root vegetables, and potatoes 0.1... 

Phenolic Acid Aimond Hazeinut ChestnuF Pine Nut Wainut... 

Pine nuts (pinon or pignolia) are the edible seeds within the pine cone of several varieties of pine trees (Pinus sp.) but most commonly Pinus pinea or stone pine . Pine nuts are harvested all over the world, most notably in Russia, China, North Korea, Spain, Italy, and Turkey, among others. Pine nuts contain 48-61% lipids by weight (1, 60). Other constiments of pine nut include carbohydrate (19.3%), protein (11.6%), water (5.9%), and ash (2.2%) (1). Pine nut oil contains predominantly linoleic acid (46.4%) and oleic acid (38.1%). Maritime pine nut Pinus pinaster) oil also contains two fatty acids that are unique among tree nut oils pinoleic acid and sciadonic acid (Figure 2), which exist at 7% each in pine nut oU and may have antiatherogenic effects (Table 8) (63). The phenolic acid composition of defatted pine nut meal is given in Table 2 and shows that caffeic acid is the predominant phenolic compound (14). 

TABLE 8. Fatty Acid Composition of Pine Nut Oiis. ... 

Amino Acid Almond Hazelnut Pecan Walnut Pistachio Brazil Nut Pine Nut Macadamia Nut Cashew... 

Familiar nuts include acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts, and beechnuts. The word nut is also used mistakenly to refer to the seeds or fruits of some other plants. Thus, pine nuts and peanuts are really seeds and not nuts. 

Croton oil is extracted from the seeds of the shrub Croton tiglium (Figure 25.13), of the family Euphorbiaceae. In the past, these seeds were also called Moluccas seeds, Tilly seeds or small Indian pine nuts. 

Oil pine resin perfume—7th lunar mansion. Woodbase wood dry use fire worship sacrificial incense medicinal. Used when invoking Pan in matters sensual, evocative as it is of woodland thickets and dark glades. Pine nuts in sachet use. For psychic work. Justice. 

Fig. 15.2.21. CP/MAS NMR spectrum of pine nut tannin extract hardened with hexamethy-...

Almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, walnuts... 

Considering the production of world s most popular tree nuts (Table 1.1), almond ranks first on a global basis with a production of 683,286 MT (shelled), followed by hazelnut (512,200 MT shelled), cashew (394,632 MT shelled), walnut (382,675 MT shelled), and pistachio (445,500 MT unshelled) in 2006-2007. The production of ranaining four tree nuts (Brazil nut, macadamia, pecan, and pine nut) is around 132,918 MT (shelled) in the same year. Moreova, world s chestnut production is 1,164,959 MT (unshelled) in 2006 [2], To the best of our knowledge, Uttle information abont the production of acorn nut, beech nut, betel nut, heartnut, and hickory nut is available. 

Lipid Classes Almond Brazil Nut Hazelnut Pecan Pine Nut Pistachio Walnut... 

The recent recognition of nuts as heart-healthy foods by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [49] has provided a major boost to the image of nuts. In 2003, the FDA authorized the health claim, which states that scientific evidence suggests but does not prove that eating 1.5 ounces (-42.5 g) per day of most nuts as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease. These nuts include peanut and nine tree nuts (almond, Brazil nut, cashew, hazelnut, macadamia, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut). The FDA evaluated the data and determined that, although there is scientific evidence supporting this claim, the evidence is not conclusive. 

---