Pigment marker

WRIGHT s w and Jeffrey s w (2006) Pigment markers for phytoplankton production. Marine Organic Mattter Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA, 2,71-104. 

Wright SW, Jeffrey SW. 1987. Fucoxanthin pigment markers of marine phytoplankton analysed by HPLC and HPTLC. Marine Ecology Progress Series 38 259-266. 

Other polymeric binders, natural and synthetic, may be found as paints or varnishes in modern artworks and installations. Artists very easily adopt resins developed as industrial coatings or for specialized applications, and use them according to their creative needs. Natural rubber latex is a water dispersion of 1,4-ds-polyisoprene particles where pigments can be added to give coloured paints. By means of Py-GC/MS the presence of these paints can be easily assessed. As shown in Figure 12.13, the principal marker peaks in the pyrogram are those of isoprene, limonene and other cyclic dimers. 

Marking crayons and inks/paints are some of the oldest methods of applying identification to slabs of rubber whilst being stored prior to incorporation into products or during factory operations. Care must be taken to ensure that the materials used for such identification are compatible with the rubbers on which they are being used. Coloured markers can also contain pigments which may contain active metal ions which could conceivably cause activation of oxidative degradation of the rubber if used extensively. 

The end point of therapy for adrenal insufficiency is difficult to assess in most patients, but a reduction in excess pigmentation is a good clinical marker. Development of features of Cushing s syndrome indicates excessive replacement. 

The test marker strain (T) developed by Russell uses seven recessive loci a (nonagouti), b (brown), cch (chinchilla), d (dilute), p (pink-eyed dilution), 5 (piebald) and se (short-ear). As for the mouse spot test, these genes control coat pigmentation, intensity or pattern, and, for the se gene, the size of the external ear. 

P.R.146 is a suitable candidate for a variety of special applications. The list includes wood stains, in which it is frequently blended with yellow pigments, especially with P.Y.83, and also with black to afford shades of brown. The products are fast to overcoating and stable to nitro and acid catalyzed and polyester varnishes. Intense shades match step 5 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Other areas of application include office articles and artists colors, cleaning agents, paper mass coloration, laundry markers, etc. In connection with cosmetics, the pigment frequently lends color to soaps. 

Chlorophylls and other pigments have been frequently investigated in marine samples. As the amount of chlorophyll may be used as a marker for phytoplankton production its determination is of paramount importance in sea research [274], HPLC data have been used for the study of phytoplankton community structure [275] and for the indentification of phytoplankton groups [276], Earlier advances in HPLC pigment analysis have been reviewed [277],... 

Meyer JM (2000) Pyoverdines Pigments, Siderophores and Potential Taxonomic Markers of Fluorescent PieMdomonai-Species. Arch Microbiol 174 135... 

Fumonisins, fusaric RAPD marker PCR acid, fusarin C, moniliformin, naphdioquinone pigments, beauvericin... 

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