Pigment/binder mixture

Solvents (thinners) are volatile organic liquids which dissolve the binder or film former. They are used to liquefy the pigment/binder mixture suffieiently to allow the formation of a uniform film. The most commonly used thinners are organic solvents with the exception of benzene (e.g., hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, and ketones) and water (in latex emulsions and water-soluble paints). The choice of solvent is not only based on solvency, but also on other important factors such as toxicity, odor, evaporation rate, flammability, and cost. ... 

The solvents, dilute hydrochloric acid, and ethyl silicate are mixed and stirred and the temperature rises an upper limit of 25-30 C is often recommended. The second component of the two-pack paint is the pigment-extender mixture. The binder can be used after 1 - 3 d the storage stability is limited and is generally specified by the manufacturer. In the above example it is ca. one year. 

To prepare a painted fabric for comparative purposes, small bands of ferrous oxide, an alizarin/purpurin mixture, ground up bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) and bedstraw (Galium verum L.) were painted on linen fabric (Testfabrics L-57). As carriers or binder for the pigment colorants to be painted on the fibrous materials, beef fat was used as a substitute for bear grease and egg white was used as source for albumin. The various combinations of these materials were mixed and painted on areas of the test fabric as outlined in Table III. The painted test fabric was left to diy for 24 hours. 

To conclude this discussion on zirconium, it is appropriate to look at the adhesion promotion effects of various zirconium compounds in flexographic and gravure ink printed on corona discharge-treated polyolefins and polyester. Flexographic and gravure inks are basically a pigment (often titanium dioxide) suspended in a polymer (normally called the binder) dissolved in a solvent. Actual commercial ink formulations are rather more complicated. These inks are either water-based when acrylic polymers and co-polymers are typically the binders, or solvent-based (usually ethanol-ethyl acetate mixtures) when the binder is typically nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate propionate. 

Binders bind pigments to surfaces. They solidify by drying, cooling, or reacting to produce polymers. Acrylic paints use polymer resins as vehicles. They can be thinned with water, but dry readily. Drying agents aid in the evaporation of a vehicle or help paint mixtures to polymerize. 

Starch can be enzymically converted in the presence of pigment. The conversion follows a similar time-temperature cycle as in neat starch conversion. The pigment will adsorb a portion of the enzyme adsorption can be minimized by the addition of sodium silicate to the mixture prior to the addition of the enzyme (Vanderbilt process). Even with silicate treatment, a higher quantity of enzyme will be required to reach a specific viscosity target. Other coating components, such as latex and lubricants, have to be added after the conversion. The Vanderbilt process is now rarely used for the preparation of coating binder. 

PAINT is a mixture of pigment and a binder. GUM AHABIC is a X)pular water based binder, used to make WATERCOLORS, or, with an opaciher such as chalk added, GOUACHE. Crush pieces of gum arabic to a fine powder, add twice their volume of hot water, stir to dissolve. To reduce brittieness add a small amount of candy sugar. Mix 1 part gum arabic soultion with 2 parts pigment paste in water (all parts are by volume). 

Ateprint VP 972. [Boehme Filatex] Amin(q>la8t resin mixture pigment pad binder. 

---