Physalins

Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti (Mast.) Makino Jin Deng Long (Chinese lantern) (calyx, fruit) Physanols, physalien, zeaxanthin, glycolic acid, cryptoxanthin, physoxanthin, mutaxanthin, auroxanthin, physalin A, B, and C, luteolin, tigloidine, physalins, hystonin.33-48 Antibacterial, stimulate myocardial contraction, cause vasoconstriction, uterine contraction. 

N.A. Betaine, beta-sitosterol. Berry has physalin, carotene, vitamins Bj B12, C. Root has cinnamic acid, psyllic acid." Berry treat high blood pressure, a tonic to protect liver, menopausal complaints. Root treat chronic fevers, lower blood pressure, internal hemorrhage, tuberculosis. 

N.A. Physalin, vitamin C, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols." Diuretic, treat kidney and urinary disorder. 

Makino B, Kawai M, Ogura T, Nakanishi M, Yamamura H, Butsugan Y (1995) Structural Revision of Physalin H Isolated from Physalis angulata. J Nat Prod 58 1668... 

Choudhary MI, Yousuf S, Samreen, Shah SAA, Ahmed S, Atta-ur-Rahman (2006) Biotransformation of Physalin H and Leishmanicidal Activity of Its Transformed Products. Chem Pharm Bull 54 927... 

There is some merit in the simplified reproduction of phi as f. However, ph will presumably be used forever in the names of botanical and zoological species and in medical terms, and it is desirable that chemical names derived from these terms should conserve the same spelling (physostigmine, physalin, phthiocol). It is unwise to spell phosphorus with f as long as the chemical symbol is P. It therefore seems most rational to adhere strictly to the Latin transliteration of Greek words and to spell words of Latin origin in the same way as the words from which they are derived. 

Most of the known withanolides belong to group A, which may be further divided into 11 subgroups withanolides with an unmodified skeleton, withaphysalins, physalins, acnistins, withajardins, withametelins, sativolides, subtriflora-5-lactones, ring-D aromatic withanolides, ring-A aromatic withanolides and norbomane-type withanolides, Fig. (2). 

Compounds 13-22 are structurally related to the withaphysalins, isolated from Physalis minima, which have been regarded as intermediates in the formation of the physalins. Recently Tomassini et al. published a review on withanolides isolated from the Physalis genera [21]. 

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