Phtalic anhydride

Fig. 3.116. Preparation of D C Yellow No. 10 by condensing quinaldine, 1 with phtalic anhydride, 2 and sulphonating the condensation product, 3. Reprinted with permission from A. Weiszet al. [172].

Figure 4. FT-IR spectra of the adsorbed species arising from contact of the catalyst with o-xylene/oxygen at r.t. (a), 373 K (b), 423 K (c), 473 K (d), and 523 K (e). (f) phtalic anhydride adsorbed at r.t., producing also phtalate ions.

Friedel-Crafts acylation is used, for example, in the synthesis of anthraquinone from benzene and phtalic anhydride. 

Photosensitized crosslinking of polymers has been the subject of numerous publications [l - 30], concerned mainly with poly(ethylene), poly(vinyl alcohol), various vinyl copolymers, copolymers of maleic anhydride and/or phtalic anhydride with styrene and some polymers derivated from cinnamic acid. The following compounds were used as sensitizers benzophenone, 4-chloro- and 4,4-dimethylbenzophenone [l, 3-6, 8, 9l, oC -and -derivatives of anthraquinone [3, 23] acetophenone, hydroquinone, triphenylmethane and pyridine li.] chlorobenzene and no less than trichlorinated n-paraffins [6], a complex of zink chloride with o-dia-nizidine fill potassium bichromate [l2j, anthracene fl3, 14] 2,5-methoxy-4-amino-trans-stilbene [l5], benzyl ideneacetophenone fl6-l8] -thiophenylacetophenone,... 

Polyester of Maleic/Phtalic Anhydrides and Ethylene Glycol in Styrene V... 

V. A. Nikolov, D. G. Klissurski, and K. I. Hadjiivanov, "Deactivation of a V205-Ti02 Catalysts for the Oxidation of o-Xylene to Phtalic Anhydride", in Catalyst Deactivation 1987, eds. Delmon Froment, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987, pp. 173-82. 

Desublimation. Sometimes a solid phase can be obtained directly by desublimation, as for example the separation of phtalic anhydride by the oxidation of ortho-xylene. 

Another solution is the use of a flash as pre-separator of lights from heavies, while the purification of the bulk component takes place in a second side-stream column. This device offers the simultaneous removal of lights and heavies. A practical example is the purification of phtalic anhydride (Dimian, 1997). 

Ellington, J. B., K. M. Park, and J. F. Brennecke. 1994. Effect of local composition enhancements on the esterification of phtalic-anhydride with methanol in supercritical carbon-dioxide. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 33,965. 

Besidesfluoroepoxides, fluoroanhydrides (76,79) have been synthesized. The structure of the substituted phtalic anhydride is as follows ... 

Cyclic anhydrides have been studied as chemical reagents for wood modification phtalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, succinic anhydride and alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) [42]. Scots pine-treated samples with petrochemical octenyl succinic anhydrides (ASAs) dissolved in pyridine that after treatment did not present enough resistance against fungi decay but increased dimensional stability. 

Figure 17. Magnetic force as a function of the castor oil amount and phtalic anhydride amount.

Figiire 20. Oil removal capability as a function of the petroleum and phtalic anhydride amounts. 

Toluene Sulfonic Acid 94 122-257 50-125 E - - plus phthalic acid, alcohols, water, weak H S0<, activated carbon. CO m esterification of phtalic anhydride. Alloy C 0.1 mpy... 

Analysis of TG-MS data yields additional information about emission of volatiles. Analysis of the volatile deeomposition products by FT-MS spectroscopy revealed that during eontrolled heating emission of phtalic anhydride takes place at ca. 330°C, than, at ca. 380 C styrene and a complex mixture of other aromatic compounds are evolved. 

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