Photovoltaics production

Solar cells have been used extensively and successfully to power sateUites in space since the late 1950s, where their high power-to-weight ratio and demonstrated rehabiUty are especially desirable characteristics. On earth, where electrical systems typically provide large amounts of power at reasonable costs, three principal technical limitations have thus far impeded the widespread use of photovoltaic products solar cells are expensive, sunlight has a relatively low power density, and commercially available solar cells convert sunlight to electricity with limited efficiency. Clearly, terrestrial solar cells must be reasonably efficient, affordable, and durable. International efforts are dedicated to obtaining such devices, and a number of these activities have been reviewed (1). 

Economic photosplitting of water is clearly a worthwhile goal, for it could lead to a supply of clean fuel, (a) Discuss as quantitatively as you can whether direct photosplitting could provide economic advantages (one plant) that could compensate for the cost reduction achieved by the higher efficiency of the photovoltaic production of electricity, followed by normal water electrolysis. 

In Fig. 5.81, the geographical distribution of the total electricity production in the 2050 scenario is shown, adding photovoltaic production (21 PJ y ) to that of wind (280 PJ y" ). In climatic conditions other than the Danish one, the optimum share of photovoltaic relative to wind power may be much higher. The hourly time distributions of wind and photovoltaic power are given in Figs. 5.84 and 5.85 and are combined in Figs. 5.86 (year) and 5.87 (week), with the demand for electric power indicated (dedicated power plus other demands covered by electricity in the scenario, cf. Fig. 5.83). 

Photovoltaic (Solar) Module or Panel - A solar photovoltaic product that generally consists of groups of PV cells electrically connected together to produce a specified power output under standard test conditions, mounted on a substrate, sealed with an encapsulant, and covered with a protective glazing. Maybe further mounted on an aluminum frame. A junction box, on the back or underside of the module is used to allow for connecting the module circuit conductors to external conductors. 

The maximum daily amount of electricity (1300 Ah) and the real daily amount of eleetricity (1078 Ah) are both greater than the photovoltaic production (by approximately 400 Ah), even if we suppose that the energy producible by the PV generator is indeed produced, meaning that the battery is never fully charged, the result of which would be that the difference between the power produced by the PV generator and that consumed by the BTS is lost. 

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