Photovoltaic regime

Photodiodes can be also used in the photovoltaic regime. In this case, the photodiode operates as an open circuit, so that 7=0 and Equation (3.5) yields ... 

A photodiode is illuminated with a green beam (532 nm) whose power is unknown. The photodiode is operating in the photovoltaic regime at room temperature. After illumination, the voltage induced in the photodiode is 34 mV. Calculate the incident power if the quantum efficiency is 0.65 and if the electrical current generated in the photodiode in the absence of illumination is 1 mA. 

CdTe, a II—VI compound semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.44 eV at room temperature, is, from its physical properties, a promising photovoltaic material. The electrodeposition of CdTe in ionic liquid was published recently by Sun et al. [38]. They were able to show that the semiconductor can be electrodeposited at elevated temperature (above 120 °C) in the Lewis basic l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid containing CdCh and TeCU. CdTe films were obtained by the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cd on the deposited Te. The deposit composition was independent of the deposition potential within the Cd UPD regime. The crystallinity of the deposits is improved by increasing the deposition temperature, which again demonstrates the high potential of the wide thermal windows of ionic liquids for compound electrodeposition. 

When the total device thickness is to remain in the micrometre regime, and a sizeable surface enlargement is to be obtained, the feature size of the substrate structure needs to be in the micrometre region or below. One is hence looking for substrate structures that provide a micro- or nano-scale pattern. For photovoltaic applications this pattern, and the necessary manufacturing processes, must be extendable over very large areas. New deposition techniques which provide... 

In this paper it is shown that a p-Si/PCBM hetero-junction features a photovoltaic effect in the infrared regime between photon energies from 0.4 to l.leV (3-1.3 pm) [2],... 

Much work has already been done to unravel the complexities of photooxidative processes and to develop some highly effective light (UV) stabilizers which can delay the onset of polymer embrittlement. A good review has been presented by Carlsson et al.( ). Some polymer s-tems have also been e loited to fabricate plastics with controlled lifetimes in the short range(2,3). However, very little is known about the ultimate changes that occur in polymeric substances after very long periods such as the 20-year regime appropriate for economic photovoltaic power plants. 

Photovoltaic performances suffer strongly due to critical reactions between conduction band electrons and radical anion / (i.e. on average of hundred nanosecond time scale in regime I) [172],... 

Schrodinger equation that describes the nanostructured organic photovoltaic blend. Thus, there is an immediate probability amplitude for finding a photoexcitation near a heterojunction boundary, thereby enabling ultrafast charge transfer (in the femtosecond regime) over relatively long distances. 

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