Photophysical properties overview

An overview of the synthesis, structure, photophysical properties, and applications of squaraine rotaxanes as fluorescent imaging probes and chemosensors is provided in a recent review [67]. Although a variety of squaraine dyes form rotaxanes with the molecular cage 25 or with a tetralactam macrocyclic system introduced by Leigh and co-workers [16, 17], there is no evidence in the literature that conventional cyanine dyes can be embedded in these macrocycles. 

Metal-organic materials, photophysical properties, 12, 133 Metal-organic precursors to materials, 12, 37 overview, 12, 35-70 transformation to materials... 

Herein, we wdl discuss several approaches that have led from molecular entities to supramolecular soft and hard systems. In particular, we will show how the molecular structure can be modified to induce the controlled self-assembly of transition metal complexes into sophisticated photoactive arrays with imusual properties derived from the structiu-e of the metal complexes and their intermolecular interactions in the ground and/or excited electronic states within the assemblies. We will start with a survey of the photophysical properties of selected transition metal complexes, followed by an overview of the aggregation mechanism they can undergo to. We will focus our attention on soft assemblies... 

With this collection of short review papers we would like to present a broad overview of research on polyfluorenes and related heteroanalogues over the last two decades. The collection begins with papers on the synthesis of polyfluorenes and related polyheteroarenes, then reports photophysical properties of this class of conjugated polymers both at the ensemble and the single chain level, continues with a discussion of the rich solid state structures of polyfluorenes, and finally switches to device applications (e.g. in OLEDs). In addition, two chapters are devoted to defined oligofluorenes as low molecular weight model systems for polyfluorenes and also to degradation studies. 

The field has been reviewed by several authors, from various points of view [23-31], and one monograph has been written [32], We give here, therefore, only an overview of those aspects which are important for photochemical and photophysical properties of cyclometallated compounds. 

Metal-functionalized dendritic assemblies have been demonstrated to be a fertile area with competitive potential for purely organic structures for their photonic properties [29]. This chapter aims at providing on overview of the different outstanding possibilities that dendrimers advantageously offer, first from a fundamental perspective by describing the main routes to build these nanometer-sized species, and then, by describing their photophysical properties, and eventually to the applications developed for these materials in various areas. 

From this overview it is readily appreciated that carotenoids were selected by the evolving photosynthetic apparatus because of their unique photophysical properties. Their strong absorption is closely matched to the maximum of the solar flux yet their triplet levels are well below the energy of singlet oxygen. 

V. Discussion of some photophysical properties of the complexes overviewed, 259... 

V. DISCUSSION OF SOME PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPLEXES OVERVIEWED... 

Another chapter examines recent work in the area of metal-organic complexes derived from palladium(II) and platinum(II) diimine-dithiolate complexes. Pilato (Qiap. S), who is a leader in the development of new luminescent complexes of this family, has pioneered their application to sensing oiganophosphates and oxygen. His chapter describes the synthesis of these complexes, provides a comprehensive overview of their photophysical properties, and gives some examples of their application to the development of solid-state sensors. 

This report reviews the current literature on metal complexes whose active component is a dithienylethene (DTE)-derived molecular switch. It is a comprehensive account of the rationale for and the variations in the ligand design. In detailing and tabulating the consequent photophysical properties of the complexes and materials produced, it provides an overview of the advances made and directions undertaken in this burgeoning research field. 

The aim of this chapter was to provide an overview of the most common and useful photochemical materials and their primary photophysical properties that allow for use, or potential use, in a given application. In this vein, we have presented a comprehensive table detailing the most common structures, physical and photophysical properties, and specific applications of each of the classes of photochemical materials discussed. 

In this review, the photophysical and photochemical properties of selected gold systems will be described and discussed, so as to provide readers with a broad overview of the great diversity of these systems in these aspects. 

In this chapter, different properties of nonlinear behavior in lanthanide complexes have been overviewed, including brief examination of their optical emission and excitation spectra. A perception of the importance of photophysical relationships of molecular complexes to these phenomena has also been conveyed. 

Abstract This account provides a state of the art overview of polyfluorene structure and phase behaviour in solutions and the solid state. This review covers key aspects of the hierarchical intra- and intermolecular self-assembly starting at the molecular level and extentding up to larger length scale structures. This includes crystallization, alignment on surfaces and texture. Many Central ideas are highlighted via structural archetypes. Recent theoretical treatments for understanding these structural properties are discussed and the implications for opto-electronics and photophysics are described. 

This chapter is intended as an overview of the photophysical and photochemical properties of emissive metallo-l,2-enedithiolates. It includes a brief description of the use of luminescent platinum 1,2-enedithiolate complexes to develop new sensors. Metal derivatives of mnt, met (cw-l,2-dicarbomethoxy-ethylene-1,2-dithiolate), bdt, tdt, dmqdt and qdt as well as complexes of the general structure type (phosphine)2Pt(S2C2(Het)(R ) where Het = 2- or 4-pyridine and 2-quinoxaline will be discussed (Fig. 1). 

Finally, some illustrative examples of sensitizing ligands are examined. The intent here is to provide, with a few structures, a broad overview of the trends and strategies used to improve or modulate the properties of a luminescent lanthanide complex. The examples are used to point at important considerations when attempting to design a ligand. This chapter is not a review of the whole complexes and apphcations which can be found in literature or patents, but aims at illustrating some of the aspects of the luminescent complexes, with arbitrary chosen examples. The fundamental concepts of photophysics and luminescence explained in Luminescence are a prerequisite to hilly understand the notions presented here. 

In this chapter we present an introductory overview of the basic theoretical concepts of computational molecular photoph rsics. First, the nature and properties of electronic excitations are considered, with special attention to transition moments and vibrational contributions. Then, the main photophysical processes involving the electronic excited states are examined, focusing in particular on nonradiative deactivation phenomena. Finally, we present a brief review of computational methods commonly applied for the description of molecular excitations. Special emphasis is given to the configuration-interaction (Cl) method and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), discussing some technical details and outlining advantages and limitations. 

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