Photochemistry time-resolved fluorescence

S. Hirayama, Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy, in Progress in Photochemistry and Photophysics (J. F. Rabek, ed.), vol. 6, 1-42, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1992). 

Maity H, Maiti NC, Jarori GK. Time-resolved fluorescence of tryptophans in yeast hexokinase-PI effect of subunit dimerization and ligand binding. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B 2000, 55, 20-26. 

Kungl, A. J., Visser, N. V., van Hoek, A., Visser, A. J., Billich, A., Schilk, A., Gstach, H. and Auer, M, 1998, Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of HIV-1 protease inhibitor complexes correlates with inhibitory activity. Biochemistry 37, 2778-2786. Kimz, L. and MacRobert, A. J, 2002, Intracellular photobleaching of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl) chlorin (Foscan) exhibits a complex dependence on oxygen level and fluence rate. Photochemistry and Photobiology 75, 28-35. 

D.A. Parul, S.B. Bokut, A.A. Milyutin, E.P. Petrov, N.A. Nemkovich, A.N. Sobchuk, B.M. Dzhagarov, Time-resolved fluorescence reveals two binding sites of 1, 8-ANS in intact human oxyhemoglobin. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology 58, 156-162 (2000)... 

Mobed JJ, Hemmingsen SL, Autry JL, Mcgown LB (1996) Environ Sci Tech 30 3061 Milne PJ, Odrnn DS, Zika RG (1987) Time-resolved fluorescence measiuements on dissolved organic matter. In Zika RG, Cooper WJ (eds) Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems. ACS Symposimn Series 237, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, chap 10... 

Karatsu, X, Kitamura, A., Zeng, H.L., Arai, T., Sakuragi, H., and Tokumaru, K., Photoisomerization and photocyclization reactions of 1-styrylanthracene, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 68, 920,1995. Karatsu, X, Itoh, H., Nishigaki, A., Fukui, K., Kitamura, A., Matsuo, S., and Misawa, H., Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of (Z)-l-(2-anthryl)-2-phenylethene and its model compounds understanding the photochemistry by distinguishing between the s-cis and s-trans rota-mers, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 6993, 2000. 

The metaiioporphyrins form a diverse class of molecules exhibiting complex and varied photochemistries. Until recently time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were the only methods used to study metailoporphyrln excited state relaxation in a submicrosecond regime. In this paper we present the first picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectra of excited state metaiioporphyrins outside of a protein matrix. The inherent molecular specificity of resonance Raman scattering provides for a direct probe of bond strengths, geometries, and ligation states of photoexcited metaiioporphyrins. 

Holland, F., U. Aschmutat, M. HeBling, A. Hofzumahaus, and D. H. Ehhalt, Highly Time Resolved Measurements of OH during POPCORN Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy, in Atmospheric Measurements during POPCORN—Characterization of the Photochemistry over a Rural Area, pp. 205-225, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht/Norwell, MA, 1998. 

These excited-state electron transfer reactions were mainly investigated using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques such as flash photolysis and flash fluorescence. The extensive work on the photochemistry of MLCT excited states is motivated by both the interest in basic science and the potential applications to many areas of chemistry, for example, biochemistry, solar energy, and conducting polymers.130 135... 

Martin CB, Shi X, Tsao M-L, Karweik D, Brooke J, Hadad CM, Platz MS. (2002) The photochemistry of riboflavin tetraacetate and nucleosides. A study using density functional theory, laser flash photolysis, fluorescence, UV-Vis and time resolved infrared spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 106 10263-10271. 

In the first section, steady-state spectroscopy is used to determine the stoichiometry and association constants of molecular ensembles, emphasize the changes due to light irradiation and provide information on the existence of photoinduced processes. Investigation of the dynamics of photoinduced processes, i.e. the determination of the rate constants for these processes, is best done with time-resolved techniques aiming at determining the temporal evolution of absorbance or fluorescence intensity (or anisotropy). The principles of these techniques (pulse fluorometry, phase-modulation fluorometry, transient absorption spectroscopy) will be described, and in each case pertinent examples of applications in the flelds of supramolecular photophysics and photochemistry will be presented. 

Time-resolved femtosecond absorption, fluorescence, IR, and Raman spectroscopy elucidate the molecular structure evolution during ultrafast chemical reactions [7-11]. The technique provides in real time direct insight into the structural dynamics of various systems including photoisomerization. In this chapter, we briefly describe modem methods of studying photochemical and photophysical processes that have been employed or can be employed in the stilbene photophysics and photochemistry. 

Both the theoretical materials and the experimental data presented in this book dearly demonstrate the significant progress that has recently been made in the application of stilbenes in chemistry, photochemistry, photophysics, materials sdence, biochemistry, biomedicine, and clinical research. This progress resulted to a great extent from interdisciplinary cooperation. Advances in synthetic chemistry that provided researchers in these areas with a wide assortment of stilbenes paved the way for their multiple applications in basic and applied research. Modifications of traditional physical techniques and advanced methods such as nano-, pico-, femtosecond absorption, fluorescence and vibrational time-resolved spectroscopy, and theoretical approaches to the analysis of experimental data ensure profound photophysical and photochemical investigations in the area. Experts in biochemistry, biomedicine, and medicine effectively used natural and synthetic stilbenes in biochemical and preclinical studies and recenfly in clinical trials. 

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