Phosphorus gaseous

Acetic acid can be chlorinated by gaseous chlorine in the presence of red phosphorus as catalyst to yield successively mono-, di-, and tri-chloroacetic acid the reaction proceeds better in bright sunlight. If the chlorination is stopped when approximately one molecule of chlorine per molecule of acetic acid is absorbed the main product is monochloroacetic acid ... 

Note 1. The concentration of the aqueous HBr solution is increased by conversion of phosphorus tribromide with water. If available, a corresponding amount of gaseous HBr can be introduced into the 48% solution at 0°C. 

Reaetions with water, e.g. reaetion of phosphorus oxyehloride with water to produee gaseous hydrogen ehloride ... 

The commonest form of phosphorus, and the one which is usually formed by condensation from the gaseous or liquid states, is the waxy, cubic, white form o -P4 (d 1.8232 gcm at 20°C). This, paradoxically, is also the most volatile and reactive solid form and thermodynamically the least stable. It is the slow phosphorescent oxidation of the vapour above these crystals that gives white phosphorus its most characteristic property. Indeed, the emission of yellow-green light from the oxidation of P4 is one of the earliest recorded examples of chemiluminescence, though the details of the reaction... 

The plasma jet can be cooled rapidly just prior to coming in contact with the substrate by using a blast of cold inert gas fed into an annular fixture. Gaseous boron or phosphorus compounds can be introduced into the gas feed for the deposition of doped-semiconduc-tor diamond. 

A"-Ray structure determinations (see Chapter 11 for details) have been reported for triphenylphosphine oxide, tri-o-tolylphosphine oxide, sulphide, and selenide, and for cw-2,2,3,4,4-pentamethyl-l-phenylphos-phetan-1-oxide (5). Electron spectroscopic studies of phosphorus oxychloride and thiophosphoryl chloride in the gaseous state, and n.m.r., i.r., and u.v. spectra of phosphine sulphides have appeared. Dipole moments have been used to define the stereochemistry of 2-cyanoethylphosphine oxides, such as (6), which is shown in its preferred conformation. 

Dangerous materials may require special equipment. Chlorination with gaseous chlorine requires quite expensive storage facilities. Chlorination with chlorine, thionyl chloride, sulphuryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, or phosphorus pentachloride, all of which are fairly hazardous, requires off-gas treatment. Some of these reactants can be recycled. Pyrophoric solids such as hydrogenation catalysts, anhydrous aluminium trichloride for Friedel-Crafts reactions, or hydrides used as reducing agents should usually be handled using special facilities. Therefore, all of the above proce.sses are usually carried out in dedicated plants. 

An air/nitric acid/phosphorus mixture in the gaseous state combusts spontaneously. The same is true for hot phosphorus or in the molten state when nitrogen oxides are present. 

With white phosphorus there is ignition after a period of induction if phosphorus is in the gaseous state,or immediately if it is in the liquid state. 

Boron trifluoride, sulphur and disulphur dichlorides, phosphorus trichloride in the liquid state cause potassium to combust. The same is true for phosphorus pentachloride in the solid state. In the latter case the same accident happened with gaseous halide. The same is also true for the bromide analogues of these compounds. 

Mellor, 1941, Vol. 2, 292 1956, Vol. 2, Suppl. 1, 380 1943, Vol. 11, 26 Liquid chlorine at —34°C explodes with white phosphorus, and a solution in heptane at 0°C ignites red phosphorus. Boron, active carbon, silicon and phosphorus all ignite in contact with gaseous chlorine at ambient temperature. Arsenic incandesces on contact with liquid chlorine at —34°C, and the powder ignites when sprinkled into the gas at ambient temperature. Tellurium must be warmed slightly before incandescence occurs. 

Explanation (particle level) When 1 molecule of solid phosphorus (P4) reacts with 6 molecules of gaseous... 

Explanation (mole level) When 1 mole of solid phosphorus molecules reacts with 6 moles of gaseous... 

In 1912 Delepine observed light generated in the gaseous phase from the vapors of some phosphorus-sulfur compounds in the presence of oxygen [56], Two years later, Bancroft published a paper on the luminescence generated at mercury and other electrodes in the electrolysis of halides [57],... 

Similar treatment of binding energies for gaseous compounds of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur leads to the following relations. 

Electron.—The determination of the molecular structure of phosphorus heterocycles by electron diffraction has been reviewed.176 The structures of trimethylphosphine oxide, and the corresponding sulphide in the gaseous phase, have been compared. The rotational freedom of the methyl group appears to be greater for the sulphide, which also has the longer P—C bonds, i.e. 181.8 pm for (144 Ch = S)and 180.9 pm for (144 Ch = O).177 The trifluoromethylphosphoranes (145) and (146) adopt the... 

Both the MPT and DTS use CATOX units to destroy VOCs in the gaseous effluent streams. The CATOX units use a Pt/Pd oxidation catalyst. AEA uses a scrubber and filter upstream of the CATOX units to remove phosphorus, fluorine, and chlorine compounds that could poison the catalyst. 

Irradiation of a gaseous mixture of phosphine and ammonia with Co gamma-rays produces hydrogen, nitrogen and red phosphorus. Other products were not observed. Phosphine appears to work as a very efficient radical acceptor via reactions such as... 

Nickel is stable in caustic alkahes. At moderate temperatures, it decomposes gaseous ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. Nickel combines with sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, arsenic, antimony, and aluminum at elevated temperatures. Fusion of nickel powder with molten sulfur yields nickel sulfide, NiS. Reaction with aluminum can be explosive at 1,300°C, forming nickel-aluminum intermetallic products of varying compositions. 

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