Phosphorus elderly

Elder, R.C., Florian, L.R., Kennedy, E.R., and Macomber, R.S., Phosphorus containing products from the reaction of propargyl alcohols with phosphorus trihalides. II. The crystal and molecular structure of 2-hydroxy-3,5-di-ferf-butyl-l,2-oxaphosphol-3-ene 2-oxide, /. Org. Chem., 38, 4177, 1973. 

The problem of bone mineral loss, which accompanies aging of both men and women, has recently received much attention of the scientific community because the proportion of the elderly in the population is increasing especially in Western Europe and North America (J, 2). Among the various factors which affect the integrity of the skeleton are habitual intakes of mineral nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus and fluoride. Here we report the results of our investigations on the interactions between these minerals in relation to bone and soft tissues. 

Martini and Wood (2002) tested the bioavailability of 3 different sources of Ca in 12 healthy elderly subjects (9 women and 3 men of mean SEM age 70 3 and 76 6 years, respectively) in a 6-week crossover trial conducted in a Human Study Unit. Each Ca source supplied 1000 mg Ca/day and was ingested for 1 week with meals (as 500 mg Ca 2x/day), thus contributing to a high-Ca intake (1300 mg Ca/day). A low-Ca intake (300 mg Ca/day strictly from the basal diet) was adhered to for 1 week in-between each treatment. The Ca sources included skim milk, CCM-fortified OJ, and a dietary supplement of CaCOa. Assessment parameters were indirect measures predicted to reflect the relative bioavailability of Ca postprandially via an acute PTH suppression test (hourly for 4h). Longer-term responses to Ca supplementation were assessed via a number of urinary and serum hormone, mineral, and bone resorption biomarkers (i.e., vitamin D, Ca, phosphorus, and collagen t) e 1 N-telopeptide cross-links). 

Max Speter, 1883-1942. Transylvanian inventor and historian of chemistry Author of many articles on Boerhaave, Geoffroy the Elder, Marggraf, Black and Lavoisier. Contributor to Das Buch der grossen Chemiker. In 1929 he found the Boyle-Hanckwitz recipe for phosphorus, after it had been kept secret for more than two centuries (26). 

Jones RL, Elder MJ, Even JA (2005) Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem 180 827... 

The recommended ratio of phosphorus to calcium is 1 1, except in infants it is 2 1. For older infants, the recommended intake of phosphorus is increased to 80% of the calcium requirement, so that the ratio is similar to cow s milk (Harper 1969). Both phosphorus and calcium are distributed similarly in foods, hence a sufficient intake of calcium ensures a sufficient intake of phosphorus. The exception is cows milk, which contains more phosphorus than calcium (Harper 1969). The adult daily requirement for phosphorus is about 700 mg. A balanced diet provides sufficient amounts of phosphorus because it is commonly found in foods (phosphoproteins and phospholipids, inorganic phosphate), especially milk and milk products, wheat, meats and fish (Latner 1975). In the body, normal serum (inorganic) phosphorus levels are 4-7 mg/100 mL in children and 3-4.5 mg/100 mL in adults and the elderly. In body fluids and tissues, normal serum phosphorus levels found are 40, 170-250, 360, and 22,600 mg/100 mL in blood, muscle, nerve, and both bones and teeth, respectively (Harper 1969 Tietz 1970). 

A dietary deficiency of calcium can lead to osteoporosis, a disease in which bones are insufficiently mineralized and consequently are fragile and easily fractured. Osteoporosis is a particularly common problem among elderly women. Deficiency of phosphorus results in bone loss along with weakness, anorexia, malaise, and pain. Iron deficiencies lead to anemia, a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. 

It should be noted finally that, although knowingthe fatal effect of oxygen on the trivalent phosphorus, especially in the elder literature, the use of phosphine oxides is occasionally recommended on the basis of kinetic studies of the Halpern group that it may affect the insertion step of CO into the metal-alkyl complex [174]. 

The consumption of a diet sufficient in phosphorus, in the form of phosphate salts or organophosphate molecules, is critical for the support of human metabolic functions. Too much phosphorus, in relation to too little dietary calcium, may contribute to bone loss, and too little phosphorus along with too little dietary calcium may not adequately maintain bone mass, especially in the elderly. Therefore, under normal dietary conditions, dietary phosphorus is used for numerous functions without any concern it is only when too much or too little phosphorus is ingested that skeletal problems may arise. Certainly, elderly subjects need to consume sufficient amounts of phosphorus, like calcium, to maintain bone mass and density, but too much phosphorus may contribute to inappropriate elevations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone loss. It is not clear where most elderly subjects fall along this continuum of intake patterns. This article discusses the mechanisms by which phosphate ions impact on calcium and also on bone tissue. 

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