Phosphoric acid triethyl phosphate

In 1990, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation discovered solvents with unusually high flash point, such as triesters of phosphoric acid (triethyl phosphate (66) and others) as well as other esters of phosphoric acid (15 vol.% and above) [140], This triggered prolific research on phosphate solvents. 

Triethyl phosphate Phosphoric acid, triethyl ester (8,9) (78-40-0)... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-00653 BRN 1705772 CCRIS 4882 EINECS 201-114-5 Ethyl phosphate ((EtO)3PO) HSDB 2561 NSC 2677 Phosphoric acid, triethyl ester TEP Triethoxyphosphine oxide Triethyl phosphate Trielhyifosfat Triethylphos-phate Tris(ethyl) phosphate. Intermediate in manufacture of agricultural insecticides in floor polishes, unsaturaled polyesters, lubricants as plasticizer, solvent, and catalyst. Liquid mp = -56.4° bp = 215.5° d = 1.0695 soluble in H2O, EtOH, Et20. Eastman Chem. Co. Miles Inc. 

For commercial appHcation, catalyst activity is only one of the factors to be considered. Equally important is catalyst life, but Htde has been pubHshed on this aspect. Partly because of entrainment losses and partly through loss of acid as volatile triethyl phosphate, the catalyst loses activity unless compensating steps are taken. This decline in activity can be counteracted by the periodic or continuous addition of phosphoric acid to the catalyst during use, a fact that seems to have been disclosed as early as 1940 (94). A catalyst subjected periodically to acid addition could remain in service indefinitely, according to a report by Shell (91). A later Shell patent (85) states that complete reimpregnation with acid is required every 200 mn-days. 

Phosphoric acid diesters are prepared by treating a liquid slurry of phosphate monoester with epoxides in the presence of alkali compounds. Thus a mixture of monolauryl phosphate sodium salt and triethyl amine in water was treated with glycidol at 80°C for 8 h to give 98% lauryl(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)phosphate sodium salt [13]. 

Orthophosphoric acid also forms three series of esters,26 e.g., triethyl phosphate, (C2H6)8P04, or phosphoric ether, is a neutral liquid, insoluble in water it boils at 215°, and has a sp. gr. 1-072, at 12° the diethyl phosphate, (C2H5)2HP04, or diet,hylphosphoric add, acts as a monobasic acid and monoethyl phosphate, (C2H6)H2P04, or ethylphosphoric acid as a dibasic acid. 

Trimethyl phosphate alkylates trimethylamine in acetone solution 200 times more rapidly than triethyl phosphate (Thuong el al., 1964). This may explain the earlier findings that the methylesters of phosphoric acid are less toxic than their ethyl homologues. The decreased toxicity can presumably be traced back to their morp rapid dealkylation (Melnikov, 1972). 

Recently, the electrodeposition of amorphous silicon was achieved using EG and FA/EG solutions of HF and tetraethyl orthosilicate or silicic acid as the silicon sources The conductivity changes from p- to n-type, when doping with phosphorous. This is possible by the addition of triethyl phosphate to an EG solution of HF containing 10 M tetraethyl orthosilicate... 

Boron phosphate can be prepared by evaporating and heating a mixtnre of boric and phosphoric acids (5.71), and the alnminium compound by heating phosphoric acid with a thermally decomposable alnmininm salt (5.72). Boron phosphate can also be prepared from triethyl phosphate and boron trichloride (5.73). It is a white infusible solid which slowly evaporates above 1450°C. 

Phosphoric acid esters Ethyl metaphosphate Phosphate buffer Quinoline phosphate Dichloro phosphites, CH OPCh Triethyl phosphate. Butyl phosphate Phenyl acid phosphate Diphenyl hydrogen phosphate Di-p-nitrophenyl hydrogen phosphate (RO)gPS... 

A mixed ester of silicic and phosphoric acids appears to be developed after polysilicic acid is extracted as a coacervate from aqueous solution, saturated with salt, into a trialkyl phosphate (171). When first obtained, the triethyl or tributyl phosphate can be dissolved away from silica by another solvent such as benzene. However, when the coacervate is heated under vacuum to remove water, ester inter-... 

By inclusion of a proton source, such as H3PO4, water, or an alcohol, these oligomers can be made with hydroxyl functionality. Thus, a hydroxyl-terminated ethyl ethylene phosphate, Exolit OP 550, is made from triethyl phosphate, P2O5, phosphoric acid, water, and ethylene oxide. It has been introduced by Clariant as a reactive flame retardant for polyurethane foams (135). 

In the past, many variations of the sol-gel process have been developed and used to produce powders with different Ca/P ratios, by altering not only the quantity and composition of precursors but also the processing variables. As the synthesis of HA requires a calcium to phosphorus molar ratio of 1.67 1 in the final product, a number of caldum/phosphorus precursor combinations have been used in the preparation of HA powders. For example, calcium nitrate or different calcium alkoxides and 2-ethyl-hexyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate or orthophos-phoric acid, have been used as the calcium and phosphoras precursors, respectively. The major limitation for appUcation of the sol-gel process was shown to be the very poor solubility of the calcium alkoxides in organic solvents, and the poor reactivity of the phosphorous compounds. The effective control of stoichiometry due to the volatility of the phosphorous compounds used also represented a challenge. 

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