Phospholipid isolation

Table 4.4. Content of Glycerol Ethers In Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids Isolated from Bovine Colostrum (Means from Four Swedish Red and White Cows from Days 1 to 5) and Milk (Mean for Four Swedish Red and White Cows from 2nd Wk to 7th Mo)a Week 2 to Month 7.

Kitchen (1977) has analyzed the fatty acids in the phospholipids isolated from the MFGM, finding more unsaturated and less saturated acids than in the membrane TG. These findings are not unexpected. 

Changes in headgroup composition lipid class. A commonly observed change in lipid composition during thermal acclimation is a shift in the relative amounts of different classes of lipids present in a membrane. Cold acclimation frequently leads to an increase in phospha-tidylethanolamine (PE) and a decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC). Thus, the PC/PE ratio falls, as shown for phospholipids isolated from gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated initially to either 5°C or 20°C and, then, transferred to the reciprocal temperature (figure 7.26 Hazel and Carpenter, 1985). The PC/PE ratio falls rapidly in the trout transferred to 5°C, and rises even more quickly in the trout transferred to 20°C. Note, however, that the PC/PE ratios did not reach stable plateau values during the 28-day acclimation period. Rather, after the initial rise (20° C) or fall... 

Regarding the lipid composition of phosphatidyhnositols, the mammalian PIPn carry stearic and arachidonic acid esters at the glycerol sn-1 and i n-2-positions, respectively (11). The composition of inositol phospholipids isolated from plants varies from those present in mammalian tissues because they contain linoleoyl residue at the 5 n-2-position and palmitoyl residue at the i n-l-position. 

A significant variation in milkfat composition can occur in colostrum milk. Ahren et al. (27) analyzed the content of glycerol ethers in neutral lipids and phospholipids isolated from bovine colostrum and milk (Table 10). Lactone content of butter fat has also been determined (Table 11). 

TABLE 10. Content of Glycerol Ethers In Neutral Lipids and Phospholipids Isolated from Bovine Colostrum and Milk (27). 

Table DC. Individual fatty acid compositions of phospholipids isolated from raw foam and stream, foam, and foam-extract humic substances from the Suwannee River, in percentage...

Several in vitro studies have shown some inhibition of platelet aggregation (El Haouari et al. 2006 Goun et al. 2002 Mekhfi et al. 2004 Sajid et al. 1991), although one study showed enhancement of platelet aggregation by phospholipids isolated from stinging nettle (Antonopoulou et al. 1996). The relevance of these in vitro studies to human use is unknown. 

Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipids Isolated from THP-1 Cells Incubated with 60 piM of Eicosapentaenoic Acid... 

Williams et al. (1966u) have identified various phospholipids isolated from human red cells. Thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify and confirm the phospholipids in each fraction eluted from silicic acid columns. The identification and establishment of the purity of the isolated phospholipids by these methods had been described earlier by Kuchmak and Dugan (1963) and Williams et al. (1966b). 

Phosphatidylcholine from other egg phospholipids Phosphatidylcholine from other egg phospholipids Isolation of total phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phos-phatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol) from soybean extract Isolation of phosphatides from total lipids in eggs, meat, and cheese... 

N. L. Vauquelin isolated the Hrst organic P compound (lethicin) from brain fat it was characterized as a phospholipid by Gobbley in 18.50. 

Component of the myelin sheath surrounding the axons of nerve cells. Additional compounds of the myelin sheath are phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and specific keratins. The myelin sheath constitutes an isolating barrier during electrophysiological axonal signaling. 

Biochemical tests are usually performed after pure cultures have been obtained. The standard indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, and litmus milk tests may be used to show important physiological characteristics. To study the functional diversity of bacteria, the utilization of carbohydrates, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, amino acids, polymers, and other carbon and nitrogen sources can be tested.28 Dilution-based most-probable number (MPN) techniques with phospholipid fatty acids as biomarkers have been employed for studying different bacterial species in lakes.40 The patterns of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from natural waters have been useful for identifying sources of water pollution.34... 

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