Phosphatase in signal transduction

Neel, B.G. and tonks, N.K. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in signal transduction (1997) Curr. Op. CeU Biol. 9,193-204... 

MirjAy CT, Westwick J. Role of type 1 and type 2A phosphatases in signal transduction of platelet-activating-factor-stimulated rabbit platelets. BiochemJ 1994 301 531-537... 

Transcription of interleukin 2 is inhibited as one of the consequences of inhibition of calcinemin as an extracellular signal, interleukin 2 can stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. This discovery made it clear that the protein phosphatase calcinemin has an essential role in signal transduction processes in T lymphocytes (Fig. 7.15). 

A schematic representation of how protein tyrosine phosphatases influence signal transduction via protein tyrosine kinases in a negative way is shown in Fig. 8.18a. 

W.C. Barrett, J.P. DeGnore, Y.F. Keng, Z.Y. Zhang, M.B. Yim, and P.B. Chock, Roles of superoxide radical anion in signal transduction mediated by reversible regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase IB,J. Biol. Chem. 214 (1999) 34543-34546. 

With modest increase in intracellular ROS levels, activation of NF-kB takes place, which protects the cell against oxidative stress [45], Direct root of ROS participation in signal transduction from cell membrane to intracellular metabolic reactions were recently described. Among them - activation of potential-dependent K-channels and variation of membrane potential, inhibition of cellular protein phosphatases and restriction of activity of MAP-kinase [49]. Such view on intracellular role of ROS consider them as second messengers, which together with cyclic nucleotides, calcium ions, and other biologically active compounds provides adequate cell response to the outer signals. 

---