Phellandrene pepper

Black pepper Piper nigrum (Piperaceae) a- and p-pinene, phellandrene... 

Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. Hua Jiao (Pepper) (pericarp) Estragol, citronellol, phellandrene, xanthoxylene, skimmianine, magnoflorine, xanthoplanine, dictamnine, bergapten, berberine, esculetin dimethyl ether.33 48-53 Treat ascaris, relieve abdominal pain caused by ascariar obstruction. 

Earlier workers established the presence of a-pinene, (3-pinene, 1-a-phellandrene, dl-limonene, piperonal, dihydrocarveol, a compound melting at 161°C, P-caryophyllene and a piperidine complex from the essential oil obtained by steam distillation of ground Malabar pepper. The above compounds were identified by the classical methods of derivatization and degradation. They also reported the presence of epoxy dihydrocary-... 

Dilution and concentration experiments on samples of dried black pepper berries from India and Malaysia, as well as enantioselec-tive analysis of optically active monoterpenes, indicated ( )-linalool, (-i-)-a-phellandrene, (-)-limonene, myrcene, (-)-a-pinene, 3-methylb-utanal and methylpropanal as the most potent odorants of black pepper. Additionally, 2-iso-propyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine were detected as important odorants of the black pepper sample from Malaysia, which had a mouldy, musty off-flavour (Jagella and Grosch, 1999a). Gamma irradiation was an effective means of decon-... 

Pepper Piper nigrum ( )-/i-Pinene, ( )-limonene, (S)-a-phellandrene (46), ( )-linalool 95,101,102... 

The odorants of black pepper are listed in Table 6.47. Their OAVs are calculated on the basis of odour threshold values in starch because at app. 45% it is the major component of the kernel [83]. As a result of its low odour threshold, linalool (no. 11) shows the highest OAV, followed by limonenes nos. 9a and 9b, (-)-P-pinene (no. 6a) and (S)-a-phellandrene (no. 8b). 

The skin irritancy of cardanol monoene isolated from the fruits of the spice pink pepper, Schinus terebinthifolius, has been examined. However, it was supposed that the irritative effect, which was manifested after a long latency period, was also contributed to by ingredients of the essential oil, for example, by phellandrene and delta-3 carene [255]. Accordingly, it was indicated that experimental tests with animals were necessary before the spice can be forbidden for sale . 

Oil of Pepper, Volatile oil from unripa fruit of the black pepper. Constit. Chiefly /-phellandrene, sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene). 

Capsicum frutescens. Volatiles of Cayenne pepper have been studied in a comprehensive GC-MS analysis (Cardeal et al. 2006). Its blend is composed of monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, P-phellandrene, sabinene, P-pinene, y-terpinene), oxidized congeners (e.g., linalool, terpinen-4-ol, a-pheUandrene epoxide), sesquiterpenes (see Sect. 7.3.1.1), and members of different other classes of metabolites. 

Recently, new compounds having particular sensory properties have been discovered as trace components in flavors. Four new alcohols (58) to (61) were reported to be components of the oil of black pepper, Piper nigrum L. however, the true principles of pepper flavor still remain unknown 106). The isopropenyl derivative of (59) [l,8-/ -mentha-dien-5-ol 445)] has also been found in nature 232). The phellandrene derivative (57) was found in angelica root oil for the first time in nature 627). The structures (60) and (62) were assigned tentatively to two further constituents of the same oil 627). Both diastereoisomers of (60) had previously been reported to occur in Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. 173). 

Fig. 22.1. Storage of ground black pepper at room temperature - changes in the concentrations of odorants, (a) ( - ) 3-methylbutanal, (o-o) a-pinene, ( - ) myrcene, ( - ) a-phellandrene (b) (A-A) limonene, (A—A) 1,8-cineol, ( —T) linalool...

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