Phaseolus vulgaris phytoalexin

Ryder, T.B., Cramer, C.L., Bell, J.N., Robbins, M.P., Dixon, R.A. Lamb, C.J. (1984). Elicitor rapidly induces chalcone synthase mRNA in Phaseolus vulgaris cells at the onset of phytoalexin defense response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 81, 5724-8. 

Cruickshank, I. A.M., Perrin, D.R. Phytoalexins of the Leguminosae. Phaseollin from Phaseolus vulgaris L. Life Sci 1963 2 680-682. 

Isoflavanones are 2,3-dihydroisoflavones and a number of such compounds are antifungal phytoalexins. Thus, kievitone (2, 4, 5,7-tetrahydroxy-8-isopentenylflavanone) and the related compounds cyclokievitone, dalbergioidin and 5-deoxykievitone are antifungal phytoalexins induced in Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and other Fabaceae species by fungal infection. 

Figure 1. Time course of phytoalexin (phaseollin) accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris upon infection by the...

The ability of cell cultures from many different species of plants to produce flavonoid phytoalexins upon induction with elicitors has been of major importance in elucidation of the mechanisms and control of biosynthesis (Ellis, 1988). The amounts of mRNA for chalcone synthase and PAL in Phaseolus vulgaris suspension culture cells increase within 2 h of treatment of the cells with an elicitor made from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum cell walls. The amount of translatable mRNA for these enzymes reaches a maximum 4 h after elicitor treatment. In the case of chalcone synthase mRNA, this is probably due to in vitro transcription. In elici-tor-treated cells, 50 proteins increased and 10 decreased when compared to untreated cells (Kuhn, 1987). 

Pisatin, phaseollin, 6-hydroxyphaseollin (D 22.3.3) Phytoalexins of Pisum scuiviim and Phaseolus vulgaris respectively... 

In 1975, two isoflavonoid phytoalexins such as a pteiocarpan phaseolin [(-)-phaseollin, 39] (Figure 9) and an isoflavanone kievitone (40) (Figure 9) were identified from their hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris by Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn infection [47],... 

Smith DA, Vanetten HD, Bateman DF. Accumulation of phytoalexins in Phaseolus vulgaris hypocotyls following infection by Rhizoctonia solani. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 5, 51-64, 1975. 

Dixon R A, Dey P M, Lawton M A, Lamb C W 1983 Phytoalexin induction in french bean. Intercellular transmission of elicitation in cell suspension cultures and hypocotyl sections of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiol 71 251 - 256... 

Pterocarpans of legume plants with the properties of phytoalexins are glyceoUins in soyabeans Glycinemax), medicarpin and maack-iain in chickpeas Cicer arietinum), pisatin in pea seeds Pisum sativum) and phaseoHn in common beans Phaseolus vulgaris). Pterocarpans occur preferentially as 6"-malonylglucosids. In addition to antimicrobial effects they also exhibit other biological effects (see Section 10.3.3.5.1). 

Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Spinacia oleracea (Chenopodiaceae), Medicago spp., Pisum sativum, Trifolium spp. (clover) (Fabaceae) induced phytoalexin in Glycine max, Phaseolus lunatus, P. vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae)... 

---