Ammonium nitrate phase stabilized

Engel and coworkers [57] have reported the manufacturing process of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by inducing metal complexes into AN lattices and by using surfactants to modify its properties. Kim [58] has prepared PSAN by precipitation with KN03 from a solution of their salts by the addition of acetone. Kempa et al. [59] have incorporated diammine copper (II) in the AN lattice to improve the phase-transition behavior. Krishnamurthy [60] has reported modification of phase IV—III transition by co-crystallization of AN with KF and KN03. On the other hand, Mishra [61] has reported KF as an effective phase stabilizer for... 

Kempa, P.B., Herrmann, M., and Engel, W. (1998) Dilatometric measurement of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (CuPSAN) performed by X-ray diffraction. Proc. 29th Inti Ann. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 30-July 03,1998, pp. 73/1-73/11. 

T. K. Highsmith, C. J. Hinshaw and R. B. Wardle, Phase-Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate and Method of Making Same, US. Patent No. 5,292,387. 

Alternatively, ammonium nitrate (AN, QCq2 = 20.0 %, begins decomposition at m.p. = 169.9 °C, complete decomposition at 210 °C) has been discussed, however this compound has severe burn rate issues. Furthermore, AN is hygroscopic and shows phase transitions from one polymorph to another at 125.2 °C, 84.2 °C, 32.3 °C and -16.9 °C. Phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) and spray crystallized AN (SCAN) are special qualities provided by ICT. 

Blomquist, H.R., Process for preparing free-flowing particulate phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, U.S. Patent application 20,020,096,235, July 25, 2002. Segawa, H., Kawano, T., and Yoshida, K., Electron. Lett., 37, 1381, 2001. 

Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate PSAN and Spray Crystallized Ammonium Nitrate SCAN are special qualities provided by ICT. 

An oxidizer is combined with the fuel polymer and is made up from phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, i.e., ammonium nitrate co-precipitated... 

B. K. Hamilton. Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate. US Patent 6872265, assigned to Autoliv ASP, Inc. (Ogden, UT), March 29, 2005. 

Ammonium nitrate-containing pyrotechnic gasgenerating formulations may suffer from phase changes in a crystalline structure associated with volumetric expansion during temperature cycling. Potassium nitrate and cupric oxide have a synergistic effect in stabilizing ammonium nitrate [93]. 

K.R.V. Szarmes J.M. Rauardhya, Stabilized Particulate Ammonium Nitrate , CanadianP 879586 (1971) CA 75,119637 (1971) [These workers report the stabilization of AN against the orthorhombic-pseudotetragonal phase transition which occurs at 32° by addn of 0.8 to 13 wt % of Zn oxide]... 

The phase-stabilized AN is prepd by mixing 90 parts AN, 10 ps K nitrate some water, heating the mixt to 140°F, drying and grinding to 40 micron size particles. The proplnt is compressed into grains. Example of compn AN 82.95, K nitrate 9.22, petroleum pitch 4.11 90/10 copolymer of l,3-butadiene/2-methyl-5 -vinyl pyridine 1.76 Amm dichromate 1.96%] EE)R.MacDonald A.M.Bedard, "Methods of Chemical Analysis of Cardeplex Propellant No 4760/A5 and Its Ingredients", CARDE TR426/63 (1963) (Cardeplex No 4760/A5 is a composite ammonium perchlorate-polyurethane proplnt. Analysis of fully cured product includes detns of Amm perchlorate, Al, ferric acetylacetonate, phenyl-/3 -naphthylamine, lithium fluoride total iron) FF)Anon,... 

Table 1. Stability Range and Crystallographic Parameters of Ammonium Nitrate in Different Phases.

Figure 3. Pressure-temperature-reaction phase diagram for ammonium dinitramide (ADN) showing the estimated thermodynamic stability fields for the a and P poljnnorphs and the liquidus curve. The monoclinic a phase is stable up to about 2.0 GPa between -75 and 120 °C. The high-pressure P phase, which is also monoclinic, is stable above 2.1 GPa between -75 and 120 °C. Above 140 °C between 1.0 and 10.0 GPa, ADN undergoes a molecular rearrangement to form ammonium nitrate (AN) and N2O. The a-P transition pressure is estimated to be 2.0 0.2 GPa and is the result of a least squares fit of the data points. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [39].

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