Phase meter

For large loads supplied with three phases, then a three-phase meter is necessary. In these cases, three... 

Murray, B.C. and Wickett, R.R. Correlation between Dermal Torque Meter, Cutometer, and Dermal Phase Meter measurements of human skin. Skin Res. Technol. 1997, 3 101-6. 

Harnor, K. J., Perkins, A. C., Wastie, M., et al. (1993), Effect of vapor pressure on the deposition pattern from solution phase metered dose inhalers, Int. J. Pharm., 95, 111-116. 

Dielectric monitoring can be accomplished in a variety of ways as illustrated in Figure 14. Here, phase angle (phase meter), tan 6 (dielectrometer) and DC resistivity (iongraphing) are plotted as a function of a simple cure cycle, a fixed rate of heating... 

Skicon , Corneometer , Nova Dermal Phase Meter (all measure conductance/capacitance to assess hydration state)... 

The ultrasonic detector can only be used for GC separations. The eluent is excited to oscillations of 4-6 MHz in a small cell of 10-40 pL volume using an oscillator crystal. The phase displacement between the oscillator and the receiver (a phase meter) is influenced by the composition of the eluent and proportional to the molar fraction (carrier gas and eluted compound). The response factor is influenced by the differences of the specific heat ratio, Cp /Cv, between carrier gas and eluent. The main drawback of this detector is its high sensitivity to pressure and temperature changes so that a temperature stability of 0.001 °C is required. 

The discussions of the first two subsections of Sec. circuit for measurement of the resonant frequency is also useful for obtaining equivalent circuit parameters, such as dynamic capacitance, crystal resistance, and inductance. The measurement of resonant frequency requires a signal generator at the input and a voltmeter or phase meter connected to the output. The resonant frequency can be measured under two distinct circuit conditions at the minimum resonator impedance (fm) or at zero resonator reactance (/)>). 

The first condition is observed when the output voltage of the tt network is a maximum. The second condition occurs when the phase shift between the input and output voltages is zero. This case requires the use of a phase meter for the measurement. For the ith resonance, the two frequencies are equal to... 

Typically strain and stress are measured by unbonded strain-gauge transducers, the signals from which are then fed to a phase meter, which provides a direct reading of the relative amplitudes and the phase difference, hence giving values of the modulus and tan <5 [9]. 

It may be argued that the ultimate result of the intensification of offshore plant would be to make it disappear - either by doing away with it and using multi-phase pumping to carry the fluids ashore, or, as indicated earlier, to carry out the processes on the sea bed or subsea. Multi-phase metering permits produced fluids to be metered locally, so they could then be combined with flows from other weUs to share pipelines and processing infrastructure. 

It may be said that advances in separation technology during the past 20 years should enable this concern to be overcome - HiGee and the micro-distillation column of Velocys are two examples in support of this. In a positive vein the report suggests that by combining multi-phase metering and pumping capabilities with intensified separations and heat transfer equipment, subsea completions and transfer of products to shore may be feasible. 

A phase meter monitors the signal received, which is sensitive to any changes. The changes in the phase angle ( ) with the introduction of a component in the mobile phase are expressed in the following mathematical relationship... 

The Nova DPM 9003 measures hydration even more superficially than the Comeometer—at the level of the stratum comeum only—and is used mainly for measurements of improved skin hydration. Different probe sizes are available depending on the specific testing needs. The instrument is easy to carry (small size) and easy to use (self-calibration, pressure control by means of a spring into the probe, automatic switch when applied to the skin, etc.) it can be used with a battery. A characteristic of the dermal phase meter (DPM) is the ability to record skin surface hydration in a continuous mode, which makes this instrument very suitable for specific studies investigating the kinetics of water desorption from skin [115]. 

Figure 7. Equipment geometries for studying the wave and acousto-electrical interactions in nematics (1) substrate (y cut, x oriented quartz), (2) glass plate, (3) interdigital transducer, (4) shear transducer (y cut quartz), (5) compression transducer (x cut quartz), (6) nematics, (7) mirror coating, (8) optically transparent electrode, (9) generator, (10) waveguide (substrate), (11) phase meter.

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