Phase character

L. V. Poucke, D. Rousseau, C. V. Peteghem and B. M. J. Spiegeleer, Two-dimensional HPTLC of sulphonamides on cyanoplates, using the sti aight-phase and reversed-phase character of the adsorbent , 7. Planar Chromatogr. 2 395-397 (1989). 

Oxides of various metals are a broad class of electrode materials useful in many electrochemical processes (Trasatti, 1980-1981). The surfaces of practically all metals (both base and noble) become covered by layers of chemisorbed oxygen upon anodic polarization. The composition and properties of these layers depend on potential, on the electrolyte, and on the electrolysis conditions. They are often rather thick and have a distinct phase character, so that the metal electrode is converted to a typical oxide electrode. One can also make electrodes directly from oxides deposited in some way or other on various conducting substrates. 

According to the principles of polycondensation, all of the above reactions will also take place during SSP. The conditions for the latter, however, are different as this process is carried out at lower temperatures in a non-homogeneous environment. In order to examine the kinetics of SSP, some assumptions have to be made to simplify the analysis. These are based on the idea that the reactive end groups and the catalyst are located in the amorphous regions. Polycondensations in the solid state are equilibrium reactions but are complicated by the two-phase character of the semicrystalline polymer. 

One can avoid overlap in the remote dimension if the carrier was moved away sufficiently from the spectral region of interest. In this case there will be no need for explicit quadrature detection neither in the direct, nor in the remote dimension, while pure phase character is still retained. Two-channel (e.g., quadrature) detection in the direct acquisition dimension offers, however, a sensitivity advantage of factor of /2 [23] with no extra cost in acquisition time, so it is worthwhile to retain. 

Y. Du, J. Fang, M. Zhang, J. Hong, Z. Yin, Q. Zhang, Phase character and structural anomaly of Bi4Ti30i2 nanoparticles prepared by chemical coprecipitation, Mater. Lett. 57 (2002) 802—806. 

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) is a mode of CE similar to CZE, in which surfactants (micelles) are added to the buffer system. Micellar solutions can be used to solubilize hydrophobic compounds that would otherwise be insoluble in water. In MECC the micelles are used to provide a reversed-phase character to the separation mechanism. Although MECC was originally developed for the separation of neutral species by capillary electrophoresis, it has also been shown to enhance resolution in the analysis of a variety of charged species.16... 

Schaefer, M. W. (1985) Site occupancy and two-phase character of ferrifayalite . 

Heterogeneous Models. The two-phase character of a packed-bed is preserved in a heterogeneous model. Thus mass and energy conservation equations are written separately for the fluid and solid phases. These equations are linked together by mass and heat transport between the phases. 

In Ref. 56 it is shown that small amounts of highly mobile molecules adsorbed on the outer surface or within intracrystalline cracks will, in general, lead to an enhanced damping of the NMR signal that may be interpreted erroneously as a high overall mobility of the adsorbed molecules if the two-phase character of the signal is not taken into consideration. 

The undulation amplitude is about 25 A. The undulations in the adjacent sheets have an anti-phase character so the large eliptical channels are created along the a axis. 

Membrane lipids can exist in a number of intermediate states or mesophases more ordered than the liquid but less so than the crystalline solid [102, 131, 136]. Such materials are called liquid crystals and their multiple intermediate phase character is termed mesomorphism. There are at least four types of mesomorphic behavior lyotropic, thermotropic, barotropic and ionotropic. These refer to the expression of the disparate liquid crystal phases by manipulating solvent (lyotrope) content, temperature, pressure, and salt concentration, respectively. Most membrane lipids exhibit the four types of mesomorphism. 

Amorphous materials have properties that are of interest in terms of catalysis. Amorphous alloys can be produced with wide composition ranges not available in crystalline form, which permits the continuous control of their electronic properties. Their single-phase character and possible lack of surface segregation of the alloying elements ensure that the active species are in a uniform dispersion in a chemically homoge-... 

Non-Newtonian liquid in a system oil-reservoir rock obeys the viscosity-elasticity law of filtration. In the filtration of this type of oil the character of the phases has no influence on the flow. The latter remains unaffected even though very fine bubbles of gas may be present in the oil that filters to the well from the oil reservoir. Because the oil viscosity is particularly high, these tiny bubbles remain in the oil for several days, even after the crude is brought up to the surface. This indifference of the phase character on the flow is what distinguishes the filtration of viscous petroleum from the two-phase flow of the gas-holding crudes with low or normal viscosities. 

Evolution involves imparting phase character to the spins in the sample. Mixing involves having the phase-encoded spins pass their phase information to other spins. Evolution usually occurs prior to mixing and is termed tj (not to be confused with Tj the relaxation time ), but in some 2-D NMR pulse sequences the distinction is blurred, for example in the correlation spectroscopy (COSY) experiment. Evolution often starts with a pulse to put some magnetization... 

Phase character. The absorptive or dispersive nature of a spectrai peak. The angie by which magnetization processes in the xy piane over a given time intervai. 

Phase correction. The balancing of the relative emphasis of two orthogonal data arrays (or matrices for a 2-D spectrum) to generate a frequency spectrum with peaks that have a fully absorptive (or, in some cases, fully dispersive) phase character. 

When collected in a phase-sensitive mode, HMBC cross peaks are found to have a mixed phase character. That is, we cannot phase HMBC cross peaks so that they are purely absorptive. The use of pulsed field gradients for the purpose of coherence selection in the HMBC experiment (gHMBC) renders a nonphase-sensitive 2-D data set. This latter method is generally preferred because phasing of the spectrum is not required. 

C4 at 103 ppm Tip (C) decreases (16) from 21 ms to 7 ms with 0-32 phr plasticizer. Two phase character soft regions of the sample are associated with liquid plasticizer containing mobile polymer hard regions contain solid polymer with immobilized plasticizer... 

In both cases, the constant phase character is valid with tpepe = arctan Ci/xGi, not necessarily 0° or 90°. But with Gi = 0 tpepe = 90° and with Ci = 0 tpepe = 0°. 

Rudolf Hoeber discovered the frequency dependence of conductivity of blood and postulated the existence of cell membranes (1911). Philippson in 1921 measured tissue impedance as a function of frequency and found that the capacitance varied approximately as the inverse square root of the frequency. He called this a polarization capacitance similar to that found for the metal/electrolyte interphase. In the late 1920s, Gildemeister found the constant phase character of tissue, and Herman Rein found electro-osmotic effects. 

---