Pharmacology and toxicology

Where it is possible to predict likely metabolites and a full interpretation of the parent drug spectrum has been made, the mass spectrometer can be used as a specific detection system in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode (see Selected ion monitoring, p. 25). The early impetus provided by the development of mass fragmentography in the identification of chlorpromazine metabolites [64] has led to many further applications [65,66,68]. The extension of SIM to quantitative drug measurement with the incorporation of internal standards e.g. [88] has again opened up new possibilities in pharmacokinetic studies in clinical pharmacology, a topic discussed separately below. 

A general attraction of GC-MS-computer methods is the possibility offered for the analysis of complex mixtures and the avoidance of extensive sample purification. Several hundred spectra can be acquired by repetitive scanning and in the absence of complementary evidence. 

The value of heavy isotope labelling is illustrated in an investigation of the metabolite pattern of (+)- propoxyphene in man [394]. Three different deuterium labelled forms of propoxyphene were prepared, dv (25), d3 (N-CD3), and di (N-CHD2). In the initial screen, a 1 1 mixture of undeuterated propoxyphene (do) and its dy analogue was administered. 

The same principle was employed in an investigation of the metabolism of the thienopyrimidine (26) [395] labelled with 60% enriched C ( ) in 

An attractive, but as yet unexploited, possibility is the use of heavy isotope tracers in quantitative studies of bioavailability. For example, in the assessment of different formulations, comparison can be made in the same individual by co-administration of unlabelled and labelled variants. The principle, as well as potentially wider application of simultaneous 

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W. Howland, ia C. Voegdin and H. C. Hodge, eds.. Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cranium Compounds of Cranium Compounds, McGraw-HiU, New York, 1949. 

Spiro M. Konstantinov1, Martin R. Berger2 department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University in Sofia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sofia, Bulgaria... 

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany... 

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA... 

Toxicology Many companies are known to use gene expression profiling to assess the potential toxicity of lead compounds. This approach may require a database of reference compounds with known pharmacological and toxicological properties. Lead compounds can be compared to the database to predict compound-related or mechanism-related toxicity [5]. 

Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA... 

Unfortunately, the chapter on biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of sulfones and sulfoxides planned for this volume did not materialize. In view of the importance and interest of methionine sulfoxide, we decided to include this chapter although, unlike the other chapters, it does not deal with the title groups in toto but only with a single representative of them. 

This module should contain data from all of the non-dinical studies conducted to investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of the dmg substance/ product. The standard headings used to present this information are shown in Figure 6.4. Study reports should be presented in the following order according to species and route of administration ... 

A study of the dermal toxicokinetics of methyl parathion in female rats, sponsored by ATSDR, is being conducted at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. The principal investigator is Dr. Ing K. Ho, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505. 

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,... 

VICK WILES Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Palytojdn... 

Protozoa and Porifera. The pharmacology and toxicology of the dinoflagellate toxins which act upon the voltage- and time-dependent sodium channel found in nerves of vertebrates and invertebrates, and the skeletal muscle of vertebrates, are discussed in other chapters in this volume. 

DeFalqueRJ. 1961. Pharmacology and toxicology of trichloroethylene A critical review of the world literature. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2 665-668. 

Barnes, B.A., The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Certain Species of Dieffenbachia, Masters thesis. University of Hawaii, Gaines Ville 1 (1953). 

Lipinski, C.A. (2000) Drug-like Properties of Poor Solubility and Poor Permeability. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 44(1), 235-249. 

Jacoby, W.B. (1980) The Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication, Volumes J and II. Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Monograph Series. Academic Press, New York. 

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