Pharmacology Administration, medication

Drug and Health Care Information Sources on the World Wide Web—The inside back cover provides a listing of websites dealing with pharmacology and medication administration. The student can use these sites as valuable resources to identify new dm and important new information on current dm. ... 

Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304... 

Medical nutrition therapy is recommended for all patients. For individuals with type 1 DM, the focus is on regulating insulin administration with a balanced diet to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. A meal plan that is moderate in carbohydrates and low in saturated fat, with a focus on balanced meals is recommended. In addition, patients with type 2 DM often require caloric restriction to promote weight loss. Bedtime and between-meal snacks are not usually needed if pharmacologic management is appropriate. 

The most significant drug-nutrient interactions result in reduced bioavailability and suboptimal pharmacologic effect (Table 58-4). Continuous feeding requires interruption for drug administration and medications... 

Once a decision has been made to develop a compound further following the extensive pre-clinical pharmacological and toxicological studies, approval for the first clinical studies must be sought from the regulatory authority (Medicines Board in Europe or the Food and Drug Administration in the USA). A clinical trial of a new drug is, in the words of Bradford Hill (in his Principles of Medical Statistics) ... 

Once the family and the physician agree to use a pharmacological intervention to treat the child s disorder, the identified target symptoms should be reviewed and the medication options to treat these symptoms described. The prioritized problem list should be matched with appropriate interventions based on evidence from the research literature regarding the potential of the medication to benefit the target symptoms, as well as its side effects. The experience of the child or family members with other medication treatments, ease of administration, and length of time for treatment response should also be considered. 

All medication needs to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before it can be released to the public in the United States. Many of the pharmacology studies of a drug s efficacy and safety are first done on laboratory animals. This is because there is much similarity in the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of animals and humans, and there is much experimental evidence showing similarity in response to many different drugs. Arguments in a lawsuit that a specific chemical is causally linked to an individual s injury or behavior often use data from animal studies. 

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