Pharmacogenetic effect

Pharmacogenetic Effects of Palliative Drugs due to Structural Target Diversity... 

Several of the more persuasive examples we have accumulated to date for such palliative drug-related pharmacogenetic effects have been observed in the field of... 

Cinciripini P, Wetter D, Tomlinson G, Tsoh J, De Moor C, Cinciripini L, Minna J (2004) The effects of the DRD2 polymorphism on smoking cessation and negative affect evidence for a pharmacogenetic effect on mood. Nicotine Tob Res 6 229-239 Clarke PB (1993) Nicotine dependence-mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Biochem Soc Symp 59 83-95... 

The analysis of the predictive role of TS polymorphisms may be more complex if the 6-bp deletion/insertion (del/ins) polymorphism in the 3 UTR is added for consideration. The 6-bp deletion allele may cause mRNA instability and reduce intratumoral TS mRNA levels (32). The improved study design on the pharmacogenetic effect of TS polymorphisms should include a global evaluation of the combined VNTR, G/C, and 6-bp del/ins polymorphisms (33). The same global analysis applies to other genes, especially when the functional polymorphism is unclear. Haplotypes may be more informative than individual genotypes. Haplotype tag SNPs (htSNPs) based on the international HapMap project may represent the next wave of pharmacogenomic studies. 

Xu CF, Lewis KF, Yeo AJ, McCarthy LC, Maguire MF, Anwar Z, Danoff TM, Roses AD, Purvis IJ. Identification of a pharmacogenetic effect by linkage disequilibrium mapping. Pharmacogenomics J 2004 4 374-378. 

Pharmacogenetic Effect Genetic factors can alter the metabolism of the drug that results in an enhanced or diminished pharmaceutical response causes an unpredictable response. 

Another pharmacogenetic effect is the unwelcome rise in intraocular pressure when glucocorticoids are placed in the eye. A sampled Caucasian population showed 5% of responders. This effect was found to run in families, as does the presence of atypically weak plasma cholinesterase in those patients who find difficulty in hydrolysing suxamethonium (7.29) at the end of an operation (Kalow, 1962). 

Xexemeku F, Kenu E, Oliver-Commey J, Boima V, Sagoe A, Boamah I, Greenblatt DJ, Court MH. Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz when co-administered with rifampin in TB/HIV co-infected patients pharmacogenetic effect of... 

Other such enzyme deficiencies have been revealed through an individual s adverse reaction to drugs. More than 90% of Orientals are genetically rapid N-acetylators of isoniazid (6.12), whereas only 40% of black or white citizens of the United States showed this trait (Kalow, 1962). Rapid acetylators produce acetylhydrazine, which can cause liver damage. The same inheritance controls the acetylation (deactivation) of the sulphonamide antibacterials. The rise of intraocular pressure when glucocorticoids are placed in the eye is another pharmacogenetic effect. Low and high responses are shown by 66% and 5%, respectively, of a sample white population. 

Table 5.2 Pharmacogenetic studies on the effects of antipsychotic drugs... 

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