Pharmacodynamics overview

Benzodiazepines do not induce their own metabolism, and thete is no evidence for the development of pharmacokinetic toletance (Gteenblatt and Shader 1986). The behavioral tolerance seen with chronic dosing is explicable entirely on the basis of pharmacodynamic tolerance (as described earlier in the overview of neuropharmacology). 

Joshi, A., Bauer, R., Kuebler, P, White, M., Leddy, C., Compton, P., Garovoy, M., Kwon, P., Walicke, P., and Dedrick, R. 2006. An overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of efalizumab a monoclonal antibody approved for use in psoriasis. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 46(1), 10-20. 

Rosecrans JA, Chance WT (1978) The discriminative stimulus properties of n- and m-cholinergic receptor stimulants. In Ho BT, Richards DW III, Chute DL (eds) Drug discrimination and state dependent learning. Academic, New York, pp 119-130 Rosecrans JA, Schechter MD (1972) Brain area nicotine levels in male and female rats of two strains. Arch Int de Pharmacodynamic et de Therapie 196 46-54 Rosecrans JA, Kallman MJ, Glennon RA (1978) The nicotine cue an overview. In Colpaert EC, Rosecrans JA (eds) Stimulus properties of drugs ten years of progress. Elsevier-North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 69-81... 

Nix DE, Majumdar AK, DiNubile MJ. (2004) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ertapenem An overview for clinicians. J Antimicrob Chemother 53 23-28. 

Pharmacodynamic (PD) models are used to describe the relationship between drug concentration and drug effect. An overview of various PD models can be found in the literature [21]. The essential elements will be treated in the following sections. 

VaishampayanU, Parchment RE, JastiBR, Hussain M. Taxanes an overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Urology 1999 54(6A Suppl) 22-29. 

P. A. van Zwieten (1993). An overview of the pharmacodynamic and therapeutic potential of combined a and P-adrenoceptor antagonists. Drugs 45 509. 

When cancer is diagnosed, three primary treatment modalities are available surgery, radiation treatment, and cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the basic rationale of cancer chemotherapy and to provide an overview of the drugs that are currently available to treat specific forms of cancer. Rehabilitation specialists will routinely work with patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. For reasons that will become apparent in this chapter, these drugs tend to produce toxic effects that directly influence physical therapy and occupational therapy procedures. Therefore, this chapter should provide therapists with a better understanding of the pharmacodynamic principles and beneficial effects, as well as the reasons for the potential adverse effects of these important drugs. 

Compared to polyclonal antibodies, mAbs display molecular homogeneity and significantly higher specificity leading to increased in-vivo activity. For example, 100-170 mg serum containing polyclonal antibodies against the tetanus toxin are necessary to achieve the same effect as 0.7 mg of a respective mAb. This section will provide an overview on therapeutic antibodies which have either been approved or are in clinical development, and will classify them according to different pharmacodynamically relevant properties. 

A comparative study of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the more modern fluoroquinolones [218,219], as well as overviews on the pharmacokinetics [163,220] and pharmacodynamics [221] of moxifloxacin, can be found in the literature. 

D. E. Drayer, Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences between drug enantiomers in humans An overview, Clin. Pharmacol. Then, 40 125-133 (1986). 

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