Pharmaceutical science imaging

Washington (1992) has discussed the concepts and techniques of particle size analysis and its role in pharmaceutical sciences and other industries. There are many different methods available for particle size analysis. The techniques most readily available include sieving, optical microscopy in conjunction with image analysis, electron microscopy, the Coulter Counter and laser diffractometers. Size characterization is simple for spherical particles, but not for irregular particles where the assigned size will depend on the method of characterization used. Table 6.2 lists particle size measurement methods commonly used and the corresponding approximate useful size range (Mullin 1993). 

Raymond M. Reilly, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Cananda, The Radiopharmaceutical Science of Monoclonal Antibodies and Peptides for Imaging and Targeted in situ Radiotherapy of Malignancies... 

FT-IR and NIR Spectroscopic Imaging Principles, Practical Aspects, and Applications in Material and Pharmaceutical Science... 

Aspects and Applications in Material and Pharmaceutical Sciences. In Salzer R, Siesler HW, editors. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging. Germany WUey-VCH 2009, p 297-345. 

Another critical factor could be image. High-technology companies like to reinforce their image by having addresses that are synonymous with education and science. Others may want to associate themselves with an area traditional for high-quality manufacturing or research and development such as in the pharmaceutical industry, which is concentrated in Switzerland. 

Molecules whose mirror images caimot be superimposed on each other are identified as being chiral, and a very important branch of separation science has developed around the resolution of compoimds having pharmaceutical interest. At one time, scientists associated the phenomenon of optical rotation with the presence of carbon atoms boimd to four different molecular fragments, and these asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms became knovm as "asymmetric carbons." Continued work showed that compounds incapable of rotating the plane of polarized light, but which... 

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