Pharmaceutical industry, in India

The growth of the pharmaceutical industry in India, shown in Tables XIV and XV, has been much more rapid than elsewhere around the world... 

Chaudhuri, S. (2012) Multinationals and monopolies Pharmaceutical industry in India after TRIPS, Economic and Political Weekly, 47 (2), 46-54. 

Parry s Agro Ltd. is the major industry in India producing Dunaliella as well as p-carotene for pharmaceutical purposes. Another Indian company producing Dunaliella is ABC Biotech Ltd. located in Tamil Nadu. Small commercial plants are located in Chile, Mexico, Cuba, Iran, Taiwan, and Japan. The following companies actively engage in cultivating Dunaliella for commercial purposes ... 

Globalization in the modem era has led to worldwide outsourcing. Two chapters were dedicated to the changes in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of outsourcing. In Chapter 28, Lu and Shinkai (Beta Chem, Japan), formerly from Merck, discuss the trends. Robins and Hannon (Davos), in Chapter 29, outline the importance of sourcing pharmaceutical products to China and India. 

Warren Kaplan argues that we should expect hybrid structures to appear in the pharmaceutical industries of the important middle-income producers of generic medicines (e.g., India). Notwithstanding the possible effect of these structures on pharmaceutical innovation in middle-income countries, this restructuring is likely to have important consequences for access to affordable medicines. The effect of these hybrid structures on real pharmaceutical innovation in the established pharmaceutical industry and in the newer public-private initiatives is still unclear. 

Grace, C. 2004. The Effect of Changing Intellectual Property on Pharmaceutical Industry Prospects in India and China Considerations for Access to Medicines. Issues Paper Access to Medicines. London DFID Health Systems Resource Centre. Available at http //www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/ files/indiachinadomproduce.pdf [Accessed May 10, 2005]... 

Fig. 3. Organization chart of scientific and technological research in India. List A Alembic Chemical Works Company, Ltd., Baroda Alkali and Chemicals Corporation of India, Ltd., Calcutta Amar Dye-Chemical Ltd., Mahim, Bombay Associated Cement Companies, Ltd., Thana, Bombay ATIC Industries Ltd., AtuI (Gujarat state) Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Works, Ltd., Calcutta Bombay Chemical Pvt., Ltd., Bombay Calcutta Chemicals Company, Ltd., Calcutta plus 50 others. List B Birla Research Institute for Applied Sciences, Nagda Drugs Research Laboratory, Indian Drugs Research Association, Poona Engineering and Mineral Industries Research Laboratory, Bangalore Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi.

In India during 1995-1996, 29,665 tons of aniline were produced, of which approximately half was probably for the synthetic dye industry, 30% for rubber chemicals and 10% for pharmaceuticals. Other uses include in the textile, paper and metallurgical industries. Estimated Indian aniline demand for 2002-2003 was around 64,000 tons. 

Being major source of xanthotoxin, it has constant demand in pharmaceutical industries and amongst the medicinal plants exported from India (BCIL, 1996). The commercial demand of its raw materials is solely met through indiscriminate harvesting of natural populations. Kaul (1989) estimated that during 1980-85, about 150 tonnes of fresh roots of the plant had been harvested every year from the wild sources in Kashmir Himalaya. 

Along with India, China has been a favorable emerging country for the pharmaceutical industry since its access into the World Trade Organization in 2001. The clear message for the pharmaceutical industry is that companies need to have a strategy that incorporates China as both a market and a supply source. As an emerging market, China offers the following. 

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