Pharmaceutical aerosol delivery

Hickey AJ, Carcia-Contrenas L (2001) Immunological and toxicological implications of short-term studies in animals of pharmaceutical aerosol delivery to the lungs relevance to humans. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 18 387-431. 

Marple V, Olson BA, Miller NC. The role of inertial particle collectors in evaluating pharmaceutical aerosol delivery systems. J Aerosol Med 1998 11(1) S139-S153. 

Inertial impaction is the method of choice for evaluating particle or droplet size delivery from pharmaceutical aerosol systems. This method lends itself readily to theoretical analysis, ft has been evaluated in general terms [39] and for specific impactors [40]. Inertial impaction employs Stokes law to determine aerodynamic diameter of particles being evaluated. This has the advantage of incorporating shape and density effects into a single term. 

Drug delivery to the respiratory tract has been characterized in the past decade by an increase in knowledge of drug droplet or particle manufacture, behavior, aerosol dispersion, lung deposition and clearance. The number of diseases for which aerosol therapy may be applicable has increased dramatically. The pharmaceutical scientist is no longer limited to pulmonary diseases as therapeutic targets. Substantial progress has been made in every area of pharmaceutical aerosol science, and it is anticipated that this will ultimately lead to many new therapies. 

Bustami, R., et al. (2000) Generation of micro particles of proteins for aerosol delivery using high pressure modified carbon dioxide. Pharmaceutical Research, 17 p. 1360-1366. 

The delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols as a dry powder is no longer perceived as the second best method to deliver drugs to the lung. This is because of the mounting technologies, which are capable of making stable powders of respirable size and devices competent to deliver accurate doses and versatile payload. 

This review captures some of the most recent technologies with examples relating to pharmaceutical dry powder aerosol delivery. 

Device characteristics play an important role in the delivery of pharmaceutical compounds to human lungs. The mechanism by which aerosols are created affect particle size distribution, kinetics of aerosol delivery, and the reproducibility of drug dosing from the delivery device. These factors are key to controlling the delivery of a constant amount of drug aerosol acrossa diverse patient population. 

Gonda, I. Physicochemical principles in aerosol delivery. In Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences Midha, K.K., Crommelin, D.J.A., Eds. Med-pharm Scientific Stuttgart, Germany, 1992. 

Bustami RT, Chan HK, Dehghani F, and Foster NR. Generation of Micro-particles of Proteins for Aerosol Delivery using High Pressure Modified Carbon Dioxide. Pharmaceutical Research ZOOO , 17 1360—1366. 

Pritchard JN, Layzell G, Miller JF. Correlation of cascade knpactor data with measurements of lung deposition for pharmaceuticals aerosols. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs VII. The Aerosol Society, 1996, 101-104. 

Swift DL. The oral airway—a conduit or collector for pharmaceutical aerosols In Respiratory Drug Delivery IV. Richmond, VA 1994. 

Chem. Descrip. Glyceryl capiylate/caprate Uses Solvent, dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, vehicle, carrier, penetrant, bacteriostat for pharmaceuticals (aerosols, clinical nutrition, coating, delivery/absorp. enhancement, dermatologicals, microemulsions, nutritional/sports supplements, suppositories) dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, carrier tor cosmetics (creams/lotions, lip, foundation, sun care preps.) solubilizer, solvent, carrier, vise, modifier in flavors, fragrances Properties Lovibond 4R max. liq. to semisolid sol. in oil and alcohol HLB 5.5-6.0 add no. 2.5 max. iodine no. 2 max. nonionic 55% min. alpha mono... 

Pharmaceutical Aerosol Sprays for Drug Delivery to the Lungs... 

Keywords Medical aerosols Metered dose inhaler Nebulizer Pharmaceutical aerosols Respiratory drug delivery... 

---