Peukert numbers

The efficiency factor of a discharging battery is expressed by the Peukert s law. W. Peukert, a German scientist (1897), devised a formula expressing loss at a given discharge rate in Peukert numbers. Because of the sluggish behavior of lead acid, Peukert numbers apply mostly to this chemistry. They help to calculate the capacity under various load conditions. 

FIGURE 8.3 Available capacity of a lead-acid battery at Peukert numbers of 1.08 to 1.50. A value close to 1 has the smallest losses higher numhers deliver lower capacities. (Source von Wentzel [2008].)... 

The approach chosen goes back to the work of Rumpf [9], Krekel and Polke [10] and Peukert and Vogel [11]. Rumpf was the first who analyzed comminution processes by distinguishing between machine and material parameters. He stated that the main parameters affecting the comminution result are stress mode, stress intensity and number of stress events as well as particle size and shape and material composition. This approach in which a mill is not regarded as a... 

The quality of crystalline products can be strongly inflnenced by processes such as aggregation (absence of supersatrrration) artd agglomeration in supersatrrrated solu-tiorrs (Judat and Kind 2004 Schwarzer arrd Peukert 2004). There is a great number... 

This energy is measured not only in Joules (1 J = 1 W s) but also in watt-hours (1 Wh = 3600 J.). Both the maximum ampere-hour capacity and the watt-hour energy depend on the amount of reactants in a battery at the start of discharge. As the discharge current increases, both the discharge voltage and the reactant utilization coefficient diminish. A number of attempts to find a relationship between the actual battery capacity and the discharge current were reported. An approximation found in 1897 by Peukert for lead acid batteries is sometimes used ... 

The Peukert law takes into account the internal resistance and recovery rate of a battery. A value close to 1 indicates a well-performing battery with good efficiency and minimal loss a higher number reflects a less efficient battery. Figure 8.3 illustrates the available capacity as a function of ampere with different Peukert ratings. 

Peukert s empirical constant or number of electrons transferred in reaction... 

Figure 10 (A) Average coordination number of six different metai nanoparticies and (B) their average Young s moduius E with respect to the value of the bulk as obtained from molecular statics simulations. Armstrong and Peukert (2012), with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media.

Taylor RK, Seifrt F, Zhuromskyy O, Peschel U, Leugering G, Peukert W Painting by numbers nanoparticle-based colorants in the post-empirical age, Adv Mater 23 2554-2570, 2011. 

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