Petroleum-based resins

The first resins to be produced on a commercial scale were the coumarone—indene or coal-tar resins (1) production in the United States was started before 1920. These resins were dominant until the development of petroleum resins, which were estabHshed as important raw materials by the mid-1940s. Continued development of petroleum-based resins has led to a wide variety of aHphatic, cyclodiene, and aromatic hydrocarbon-based resins. The principal components of petroleum resins are based on piperylenes, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), styrene, indene, and their respective alkylated derivatives. 

At the moment, there are a growing number of biodegradable polymers performing well in niche applications. Many of these materials can be even more cost competitive in the future compared to petroleum-based resins including PET, polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) as suppliers develop better material properties that can lead to thinner films or lower processing costs. 

Mitsubishi said that it plans to substitute plant-based resins and quick-growing plant fibres for materials such as petroleum-based resins and wood hardboards used in car interiors, for environmental reasons. 

Since the oil shortages of the 1970s, there has been a sustained search for materials to replace the petroleum-based resins used as durable adhesives for exterior wood products. Such alternatives are considered important, because supplies of petrochemicals for use in the wood industry could again become undependable. Ideally, the source of material for an adhesive would be readily available, possibly from materials already found near or used by wood processing plants, for example, agricultural or wood-based renewable resources. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the use of carbohydrates as constituents in water-resistant adhesives. 

Antioxidant an-te- ak-so-dont, ian- tI- (1926) n. A substance that slows down the oxidation of oils, fats, etc., and thus helps to check deterioration antioxidants are added commercially to foods, soaps, etc. Although the term technically applies to molecules reacting with oxygen, it is often applied to molecules that protect from any free radical molecule with unpaired electrons. Chemistry encyclopedia, www. ChemistryAbout.com. A substance incorporated in a material to inhibit oxidation at normal or elevated temperatures. Antioxidants are used mainly with natural and synthetic rubbers, petroleum-based resins, and other such polymers that oxidize readily due to structural unsaturation. However, some thermoplastics, namely polypropylene, ABS, rubber-modified polystyrene, acrylic and vinyl resins, also require protection by antioxidants for some uses. There are two main classes (1) Those inhibit oxidation by reacting with chain-propagating radicals, such as hindered phenols that intercept free radicals. These are called primary antioxidants or free-radical scavengers. (2) Those decompose peroxide into non-radical and stable products examples are phosphates and various sulfur compounds, e.g., esters of thiodipropionic acid. These are referred... 

The production and application of polyterpene resins are very similar to those of petroleum-based resins (1,203,204). 

As discussed above, PLAs have physical properties useful in fibers, packaging, and other applications traditionally dominated by petroleum-based resins. Although the general literature on polylactides is extensive, only a few... 

Inventory of Five Products Produced from PLA and Petroleum-Based Resins (Life Cycle Inventory of Five products 2013). 

Technological innovation, which replaces aU petroleum-based materials by biomass-based ones would be the task imposed on scientists and engineers of the twenty-first century, because it is anticipated that fossil resources will disappear in the near future. We consider that this irmovation also includes the improvement and development of biomass-based fibers and resins, of which the mechanical properties are comparable to those of artificial fibers and petroleum-based resins, respectively. In this sense, the study of biocomposites must not end with just their being environmental-friendly, but must be advanced in the future in the quest toward establishing a sustainable society. 

Other initiatives being tested are substitution of petroleum-based resins by starch-based adhesives, using polylactides (derived from com) as a renewable input for the production of packaging material, and replacing oil with eco-friendly and less expensive sugar cane. Finally, note that the use of foaming adhesive can cut the amount of adhesive needed, as it has low density. 

---