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Pesticides endosulfan

Endosulfan enters air, water, and soil when it is manufactured or used as a pesticide. Endosulfan is often applied to crops using sprayers. Some endosulfan in the air may travel long distances before it lands on crops, soil, or water. Endosulfan on crops usually breaks down within a few weeks. Endosulfan released to soil attaches to soil particles. Endosulfan found near hazardous waste sites is usually found in soil. Some endosulfan in soil evaporates into air, and some endosulfan in soil breaks down. However, it may stay in soil for several years before it all breaks down. Rainwater can wash endosulfan that is attached to soil particles into surface water. Endosulfan does not dissolve easily in water. Most endosulfan in surface water is attached to soil particles floating in the water or attached to soil at the bottom. The small amounts of endosulfan that dissolve in water break down over time. Depending on the conditions in the water, endosulfan may break down within 1 day or it may take several months. Some endosulfan in surface water evaporates into air and breaks down. Because it does not dissolve easily in water, only very small amounts of endosulfan are found in groundwater (water below the soil surface for example, well water). Animals that live in endosulfan-contaminated waters can build up endosulfan in their bodies. The amount of endosulfan in their bodies may be several times greater than in the surrounding water. More information on the chemical and physical properties of endosulfan can be found in Chapter 3. More information on its occurrence and fate in the environment can be found in Chapter 5. [Pg.23]

Anand M, Akveld AC, Sexena PR. 1981. Effect of a neurotic pesticide, endosulfan, on tissue blood flow in cats, including regional cerebral circulation. Vet Hum Toxicol 23 252-258. [Pg.275]

FAOAVHO. 1975a. Data sheets on pesticides Endosulfan. Rome, Italy Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. VBC/DS/75.15, No. 15. [Pg.291]

Gilbert ME. 1992. A characterization of chemical kindling with the pesticide endosulfan. [Pg.294]

Khan PK, Sinha SP. 1996. Ameliorating effect of vitamin C on murine sperm toxicity induced by three pesticides (endosulfan, phosphamidon and mancozeb). Mutagenesis ll(l) 33-36. [Pg.302]

Soto AM, Chung KL, Soimenschein C. 1994. The pesticides endosulfan, toxaphene, and dieldrin have estrogenic effects on human estrogen-sensitive cells. Environ Health Perspect 102(4) 380-383. [Pg.314]

Roberts, D.M., Dissanayake, W., Sheriff, M.H.R., Eddleston, M., 2004. Refractory status epilepticus following self-poisoning with the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan. J. Clin. Neurosci. 11, 760-762. [Pg.154]

It is used to make agricultural chemicals and the pesticide endosulfan and as an intermediate for making vitamin B. [Pg.152]

A particularly attractive application of hydrotropy in organic synthesis arises when the product is bulkier than the reactant, with the result that it has lower solubility than the reactant in the hydrotrope solution. Consequently, it selectively precipitates out of the reaction mixture and can be easily filtered out. Then the hydrotropic solution can be recycled, thus minimizing the environmental hazards associated with waste disposal. An important example is the synthesis of Diels-Alder adducts that act as flame retardants for polymer blends and formulations. One of these is also used in the manufacture of the pesticide Endosulfan. The reaction involves a diene such as hexachloro-pentadiene or anthracene and a dienophile such as p-benzoquinone or maleic anhydride. The following typical reaction carried out by Sadvilkar (1995) gave excellent results ... [Pg.846]

Liu and collaborators designed new electrochemical immunosensors based on chemical assembly of vertically aligned SWCNT on carbon substrates for direct detection of the pesticide endosulfan and the insecticide paraoxon " in spiked environmental water samples. In both electrochemical immunosensors, the applied SWCNT forest was fixed onto a GC electrode exploring the formation of amide bonds between the carbo)ylic functional groups at the SWCNT ends and the amine groups on the GC surface, which was previously modified with mixed layers of 4-aminophenyl and phenyl. This architecture was named as GC-Ph-NH2/SWCNT. [Pg.90]

Liu G, Wang S, Liu J, Song D (2012) An electrochemical immunosensor based on chemical assembly of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on carbon substrates for direct detection of the pesticide endosulfan in environmental water. Anal Chem 84 3921-3928... [Pg.346]


See other pages where Pesticides endosulfan is mentioned: [Pg.182]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.164]    [Pg.421]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.690]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.470]    [Pg.757]    [Pg.757]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.14 , Pg.23 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.774 ]




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Organochlorine pesticides endosulfan

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