Endosulfans

Uses. Butanediol is used to manufacture the insecticide Endosulfan, other agricultural chemicals, and pyridoxine (vitamin B ) (see Vitamins) (116). Small amounts are consumed as a diol by the polymer industry. 

An example of a sulfite ester made from thionyl chloride is the commercial iasecticide endosulfan [115-29-7]. A stepwise reaction of thionyl chloride with two different alcohols yields the commercial miticide, propaigite [2312-35-8] (189). Thionyl chloride also has appHcations as a co-reactant ia sulfonations and chlorosulfonations. A patent describes the use of thionyl chloride ia the preparation of a key iatermediate, bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone [80-07-9] which is used to make a commercial polysulfone engineering thermoplastic (see Polymers CONTAINING SULFUR, POLYSULFONe) (190). The sulfone group is derived from chlorosulfonic acid the thionyl chloride may be considered a co-reactant which removes water (see Sulfolanes and sulfones). 

DDD (p,f-TD E) endosulfan and metaboHtes a-endo sulfan- alpha P-endosulfan-beta endosulfan sulfate endrin and metaboHtes endrin... 

Lindane is one of eight different hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), C H Cl, isomers and its Chemical Abstract n.2cniQ is la, 2a 3P, 4a, 5a 6P-hexachlorocyclohexane [58-89-9] (y-HCH or y-BHC, ben2ene hexachloride) (80). Commercial products containing lindane are marketed as either a mixture of isomers or as the pure y-BHC isomer. Not unexpectedly, lindane is a highly stable lipophilic compound and it has been used extensively worldwide as an insecticide. In contrast, hexachloropentadiene, C Cl, is an extremely reactive industrial intermediate used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a broad range of cyclodiene-derived pesticides, which include endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, and several different organohalogen flame retardants (81). 

This study assesses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (a-Endosulfan, P-Endosulfan and Endosulfan sulphate) from lettuce. The lettuce plants were grown on compost that had previously been contaminated at 10 and 50 J.g/g. 

The soil was slurry spiked by adding the appropriate amount of each Endosulfan compound in acetone in an approximate ratio of 1 2, w/v soil solvent. The solvent was left to evaporate at ambient temperature for 24 hours. 

Lettuce plants were grown under artificial day-light for 12 hours a day. The uptake of POPs was assessed by measuring the amount of Endosulfan compounds in roots and leaves from lettuce plants after 10, 20 and 33 days. In addition, control plants grown in uncontaminated soil were monitored and analysed. 

The influence of soil ageing on the recovery of POPs from spiked soil samples was also assessed. Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the bioavailability of Endosulfan compounds. All samples (soil and lettuce) were extracted using pressurised fluid extraction and analysed using gas chromatography with mass selective detection. 

Aldrin, chlordecone (Kepone), 2,4-D, DDT and metabolites, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, f]- and y-HCH (lindane), linuron, methoxychlor, mirex... 

ENDOSULFAN AND METABOLITES ENDOSULFAN SULFATE ENOOTHION ENORIN... 

DISSOLVINE , ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 59 DISSULFAN CE , endosulfan, 59 DISTINCT , dicamba, 59... 

EMPICOL XEK/A , ethanol, 61 EMPILAN CDE/A2 , ethanol, 61 EMS Dottikon AG, 204 Endosulfan, 61 ENDOTAF , endosulfan, 61 Endothall, 61... 

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