Pesticides dioxins

Applicabdity Limitations Photolysis is appropriate for difficult-to-treat chemicals (e.g., pesticides, dioxins, chlorinated organics), nitrated wastes, and those chemicals in media which permits photolyzing the waste. The waste matrix can often shield chemicals from the light (e.g., ultraviolet light absorbers, suspended solids, solid wastes). The photolysis process typically requires pretreatment to remove suspended materials, and the by-products formed may be more toxic than the parent molecules. 

Toxic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, dioxins, veterinary drug residues, hormone residues, aflatoxins, toxic compounds in shellfish. Compoimds of nutritional significance in foods vitamins, fat, lipids, carbohydrates, protein, energy-calorific value, proximates, dietary fibre, ash. Other compounds hormones in blood serum... 

Aquaplant is not suitable for the remediation of aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene (BTEX), polychlorinated biphenyls, volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides, dioxins, and furans. 

From these inventories and data, it is clear that society is facing an enormous problem of contamination. Many of the polluting compounds that are continuously dispersed are products of industrial activities such as phenols and halogenated phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH s), endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC), pesticides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB s), industrial dyes, and other xenobiotics. In this chapter, we critically review the literature information on the enzymatic transformation of these polluting xenobiotics. This work is focused on peroxidases as enzymes able to transform a variety of pollutant compounds with the aim to reduce their toxicity and their environmental impact. 

Application of several analytical methods is often necessary because the analytes are numerous, inorganic, and organic. Pollutants include heavy metals, anions, amines, phenols, pesticides, dioxins, and many other classes, requiring different sampling, extraction, and measurement techniques. 

Organic contaminants that present a concern to environmental protection include pesticides (used in agriculture), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, a by-product of incomplete combustion), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, components of coolants and lubricants), phenols (used in the production of plastics and pesticides), dioxins (unwanted by-products of many industrial processes including incineration and chemical manufacturing of phenols, PCBs, and herbicides) and alkyphenols (surfactants in agrochemicals and household cleaning products). 

Foods Fats, drugs, additives, pesticides, dioxins, mycotoxins, vitamins... 

Method 3545A can be applied to the extraction of base/neutrals and acids (BNAs), chlorinated pesticides and herbicides, PCBs, organophosphorus pesticides, dioxins and furans and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). 

An important market has developed in parallel to the success of mass spectrometry. Products marked as stable isotopes (usually deuterium or C) are sold as internal standards for GC-MS and LC-MS, particularly in the fields of environmental analyses (pesticides, dioxins, hydrocarbons, etc.) and toxicological testing (psychotropic medicines, narcotics, etc.). While these compounds are often expensive, they are used in small quantities and thus the cost may be justified. 

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