Perylene dibenz anthracene

Benz(ghi)perylene 1,2,5,6-dibenz anthracene C17-and up Aliphatics n-Octadecane n-Eicosane Not quantified ... 

Synonyms a-Perylene Dibenz[c/e,/f/]anthracene Source Anitescu, G. Tavlarides, L. L. 

Being interested here in the volatile components of coffee aroma, we shall arbitrarily limit the list of the aromatic hydrocarbons to tricyclic structures. The higher fused polycyclic hydrocarbons (fluoranthene [206-44-0], pyrene [129-00-0], chrysene [218-01-9], benz[ ]anthracene (1,2-benzanthracene) [56-55-3], benz[< ]acephenanthrylene (3,4-benzofluoranthene) [205-99-2], benzo[ ]pyrene (3,4-benzopyrene, 3,4-BP) [50-32-8], benzo[e]pyrene (1,2-benzopyrene) [192-97-2], perylene [198-55-0], benzo[g,/i,/]perylene (1,12-benzopyrene) [191-24-2], and dibenz[ ,//]anthracene (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene) [53-70-3]) cannot be considered as a part of the aroma. However, as some of these, specially benzo[o pyrene, are known for carcinogenic properties, they have been particularly analyzed in food subject to roasting or smoke-curing. 

The selected ion chromatogram of the 16 priority PAHs and the internal standards, (a) The first window shows the peaks for naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene, while the second window shows the peak for acenaphtene-dio (the internal standard for naphthalene, acenaphthalene, acenaphthene, and fluorene). (b) The first window shows the peaks for phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, while the second window shows the peak for phenanthrene-dio (the internal standard for phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene), (c) The first window shows the peaks for benz[a]anthracene and chrysene, while the second window shows the peak for chrysene-di2 (the internal standard for benz [a] anthracene and chrysene), (d) The first window shows the peaks for benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene, while the second window shows the peak for perylene-di2 (the internal standard for benzo[b]flouranthene, benzo[k]flouranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene., dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene). 

Fig. 5a-c. A typical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a atmospheric fallout sample, Alexandria City - Egypt b bottom incineration ash leachate of municipal solid waste - USA c hydrothermal petroleum, Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific Ocean. PAH Compound identifications N = naphthalene, MN = methylnaphthalene, DMN = dimethylnaphthalenes, P = phenanthrene, MP = methylphenanthrene, Fl = fluoranthene, Py = pyrene, BaAN = benzol anthracene, DH-Py = dihydropyrene, 2,3-BF = 2,3-benzofluorene, BFL = benzo[fc,/c]fluoranthene, BeP = benzo[e]pyrene, BaP = benzo[a]pyrene, Per = perylene, Cx-228 = methyl-228 series, Indeno = indeno[ l,2,3-c,d]pyrene, DBAN = dibenz[a,/z]anthracene, BPer = benzo[g,/z,z] perylene, AAN = anthanthrene, DBTH = dibenzothiophene, Cor = coronene, DBP = dibenzo [a,e]pyrene, DBPer = dibenzo [g,h,i] perylene... 

FIGURE1.15 Separation of the 16 EPA priority pollutants PAHs with ODS column using an acetonitrile water 70 30 (v/v) solution as mobile phase. Thiourea was used as standard. Detection performed at 254 nm and 30°C. PAHs 1, naphthalene 2, acenaphtylene 3, fluorene 4, acenaphthene 5, phenanthrene 6, anthracene 7, fluoranthene 8, pyrene 9, chrysene 10, benz(a)anthracene 11, benzo(fc)fluoranthene 12, benzo(l )fluoranthene 13, benzo(a)pyrene 14, dibenz(a,/i)anthracene 15, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene and 16, benzo(g,/j,/)perylene). (Reprinted from Nunez, O. et al., J. Chromatogr. A, 1175, 7, 2007. Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

FIGURE 19.24 HPLC separation of a standard mixture of 16 EU-priority PAHs plus EPA-priority PAHs, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[fc]chrysene. Na=naphthalene, Ac = acenaphthylene, E=fluorene, Pa=phenan-threne, A = anthracene, El = fluoranthene, P = pyrene, BcE = benzo[c]fluoranthene, CPP = cyclopenta[c,4] pyrene, BaA = benz[a]anthracene, Ch = chrysene, 5-MeCh = 5 methylchrysene, BeP = benzo[e]pyrene, BjE = benzo[/ ]fluoranthene, BbF = benzo[h]fluoranthene, BkE = benzo[l ]fluoranthene, BaP = benzo[a]pyrene, DBahA = dibenz[a,/j]anthracene, DBalP = dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, BghiP = benzo[g,/j,i]perylene, IP = indeno [l,2,3-c4]pyrene, DBaeP = dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, BbCh = benzo[h]chrisene, DBaiP = dibenzo[a,i]pyrene,... 

Figure 1. Gas chromatogram of PAH in a work atmosphere a, particulate PAH b, gaseous PAH. The peak identities are 1, naphthalene 2, 2-methylnaphthalene 3, 1 -methylnaphthalene 4, biphenyl 5, acenaphthene 6, dibenzofuran 7, fluorene 8, 2-methylfluorene 9, 1-methylfluorene 10, dibenzothiophene 11, phenanthrene 12, anthracene 13, methylphenanthrene/methylanthracene 14, methylphenan-threne/methylanthracene 15, 2-methylanthracene 16, 4,5-methylenephenanthrene 17, methylphenanthrene/methylanthracene 18,1-methylphenanthrene 19, fluoranthene 20, benzo(def)dibenzothiophene 21, pyrene 22, ethylmethylenephena-threne 23, benzo(a)fluorene 24, benzofb)fluorene 25, 4-methylpyrene 26, meth-ylpyrene 27, 1-methylpyrene 28, benzothionaphthene 29, benzo(c)phenanthrene 30, benzophenanthridine 31, benzo(2i)anthracene 32, chrysene/triphenylene 33, benzo(b)fluoranthene 34, benzof])fluoranthene 35, benzo(k)fluoranthene 36, ben-zo(c)pyrene 37, benzofa)pyrene 38, perylene 39, indenof 1,2,3-cd)pyrene 40, dibenz(a, /a,h)anthracenes 41, benzofghi)perylene 42, anthanthrene 43, coro-...

Fig. 2.20. Composition (mean%) of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to total PAHs detected in various environmental media in (a) air (n = 24), (b) soil (n = 226), (c) freshwater (n = 46), and (d) marine sediment (n = 159), from the South Korea. Naphthalene NAP, Acenaphthylene ACY, Acenaphthene ACE, Fluorine FLU, Phenanthrene PHE, Anthracene ANT, Fluoranthene FLT, Pyrene PYR, Benz[a]ant-hracene BaA, Chrysene CHR, Benzo[6]fluoranthene BbF, Benzo[ ]fluoranthene BkF, Benzo[a]pyrene BaP, Indeno[l,2,3,c,d]pyrene I123cdP, Dibenz[a,/z]anthracene DahA, Ben-zo[g,/y ]perylene BghiP.

Benzo[g,h,/]perylene (BP) lndeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IP) Dibenz[a,fa]anthracene (DabA)... 

In practice, we have utilized it for the analysis of molecular systems comprised of 3 to 5 fused benzene rings. Our discussion in this document is limited to the following compounds phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. The structures for these compounds are presented in Table I. It is important to note that the method has also been adapted to the determination of several other PAH compounds (e.g., benzo(c)phenanthrene, perylene, 3-methylcholanthrene, carbazole, 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, and indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene). 

The high-molecular-weight PAHs perylene, indeno[l,2,3-c /]pyrene, dibenz[a/ ]anthracene, benzo[g/i ]perylene and coronene are also oxidized by some fungi (Gramss et al., 1999 Zheng Obbard, 2002 Fau et al, 2003 Steffen et al., 2003 Verdin et al., 2005). Although minor amounts of... 

Figure 11.3 Chromatogram of 16 PAH standards using gradient elution (50% aqueous acetonitrile to 100% acetonitrile). 1, Naphthalene 2, Acenaphthene 3, Fluorene 4, Phenan-threne 5, Anthracene 6, Fluoranthene 7, Pyrene 8, Benz(a]anthracene 9, Chrysene 10, Benzo[ ]pyrene 11, Benzo(6]fluoranthene 12, Benzo[A ]fluoranthene 13, Benzo( Jpyrene 14, Dibenz[a,A]anthracene 15, Benzo[g/ii]perylene 16, Indeno(123cd)pyrene 17, Perylene.

Fig. 7.20. Extraction efficiency achieved in the SFE of PAHs from fly ash. (A) By adding various binary modifiers to CO, [bars represent the following combinations from left to right trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in toluene, triethylamine (TEA) in toluene, isopropylamine in toluene, pure toluene, tetra-butylammonium hydroxide in methanolt-toluene, citric acid in a methanol-toluene mixture and the absence of modifier]. (B) By successive application of a liquid modifier (four times) compared to Soxhiet extraction (shaded, left bars) and conventional SFE with CO,/pure toluene (right bars) CO,/TEA in toluene (-0-) and CO,/TFA in toluene (-A-). Fluo fluorene, phen phenanthrene, Anth anthracene, F fluoranthene, Py pyrene, B(a)A benz(a)anthracene, Chry chrysene, B(b)F benzo(b)flu-oranthene, B(k)F benzo(k)fluoranthene, B(a)P benzo(a)pyrene, D(ah)A dibenz(a,h)anthracene, B(ghi)P benzo(g,h,i)-perylene, I(cd)P indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene. (Reproduced with permission of Springer-Verlag.)...

Benzo [a] anthracene Benzo [b] fluoranthene Benzo [k] fluoranthene Indino [ 1,2,3-cd] pyrene Dibenz [ah] anthracene Benzo [g,h,i]perylene Aldrin /r-Hexane Dibromomethane 1,1 -Dichloropropene... 

EC>21-EC35 benz(a)anthracene benzo(b)-, benzo(j)- and benzo(k)fluoranthene benzo(g,h,i)perylene benzo(a)- and benzo(e)pyrene chrysene dibenz(a,h)anthracene fluoranthene and indeno(l,2,3-c,d)pyrene, and other less well-known PAHs. 

PAHs1 NA 0.6 mg/kg/day (intermediate, acenaphthene) 0.4 mg/kg/day (intermediate, fluoranthene fluorene) 10 mg/kg/day (intermediate, anthracene) Group 2A benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene Group 2B benzo(b)fluoranthen e benzo(j)fluoranthene, ideno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene Group 3 anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, additional PAHs Group B2 benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, dibenz(a,h)- anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)- pyrene Group D acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluoranthene... 

From what is currently known about benzo[a]pyrene. the federal government has developed regulatory standards and guidelines to protect people from the potential health effects of PAHs in drinking water. EPA has provided estimates of levels of total cancer-causing PAHs in lakes and streams associated with a risk of human cancer development. If the following amounts of individual PAHs are released to the environment within a 24-hour period, EPA must be notified 1 pound of benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, or dibenz[a.h]anthracene 10 pounds of benz[a]anthracene 100 pounds of acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, or indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene or 5,000 pounds of acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, or pyrene. 

Fifty-four PAHs have been identified at one or more NPL hazardous waste sites. These 54 are acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, 2-acetoaminofluorene, anthracene, 9,10-anthracenedione, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluorene, benzofluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene. benzo[g,h,i]fluoranthene, benzoperylene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzophenanthrene, benzopyrene, benzothiophene, benzo[b]thiophene, chrysene, 4H-cyclopenta[d,e,f]phenanthrene, dibenz[a,j]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene,... 

Humoral immunity was monitored in male iron foundry workers in Poland (Szczeklik et al. 1994). Coke oven workers (199) were compared to cold-rolling mill workers (76). The groups were similar with respect to age, length of employment, and smoking habits. The results showed that coke oven workers, exposed to high concentrations of atmospheric PAHs, including fluoranthene, perylene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and... 

Benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene in combination with 10 noncarcinogenic PAHs were less potent tumor-inducers than was dibenz[a,h]anthracene alone or in combination with benzo[a]pyrene. The noncarcinogenic or weakly carcinogenic PAHs include benzo[e]pyrene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, perylene, benzo[g,h,i]pyrene, and coronene. Dose-response relationships for tumor incidences were observed for benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene either along or in combination with the 10 noncarcinogenic PAHs however, no treatment-related sarcoma incidences were observed for any of the 10 noncarcinogenic PAHs (Pfeiffer 1977). 

High molecular weight compounds (228-278 g/mol)-benz[a]anthracene. benzo[b]fluoranthene. benzo[j]fluoranthene. benzo[k]fluoranthene. benzo[g.h.i]perylene. benzo[a]pyrene. benzo[e]pyrene. chrysene. dibenz[a.h]anthracene. and indeno[1.2.3-c.d]pyrene. 

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