BenzO/ anthracene

Similarly, 1-vinylcyclohexane can be trapped with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in refluxing xylene to afford 195 in 78% yield (equation 126)119. Benzo[ ]anthracene can be obtained by the reaction of 196 and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (equation 127) and oxidation of 197 with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone120. 

Aromatic amines Benzo anthracenes Benzo fluoranthracenes Benzo pyrenes Benzoic acids Carbazoles Chrysenes Dibenzo thiophenes Fluorenes Imidazoles Indoles Naphthalenes... 

Es handelt sich hierbei um Drei- bis Fiinfringaromaten, bei denen das Molekularge-wicht der Stammverbindungen bei 178 (z.B. Anthracen, Phenanthren), 202 (z.B. Pyren, Fluoranthen), 226 (z.B. Benzophenanthren), 228 (z.B. Benzo-anthracen) und 252 g/mol (z.B. Benzo-pyren, Perylen) lag. 

Synonyms benz[a]anthracene 1,2-benzo-anthracene 1,2- benzanthracene naphthan-thracene 2,3-benzophenanthrene benzo-... 

Sfethozy-l. 2-benzo-anthracen 6 II704. 9-Oxy-9-phenyl-fluoren 6,725, 1357, II704. 9-[4-Oxy-phenyl]-fluoren 6 I 357. 

Mineral acids convert Thalidastine (74) into Deoxythalidastine (107) (60JA1145, 61JOC2231, 62JOC2213) which after deprotonation is isoconjugate with the 9-methyl-benzo[u]anthracene anion (Scheme 38). 

The oxoaporphine alkaloids Teliglazine (126), Corunnine (127), Nandazurine (128), PO-3 (129), A-Methylliriodendronine (130), and A,(9-Dimethylliriodendronine (131) contain the 6-methyl-7-oxo-dibenzo [Je,g]quinolinium-l-olate ring system 125 which is isoconjugate with the l-methyl-7-methylene-7H-benzo[Je]anthracene anion (Scheme 46). Therefore, these alkaloids belong to class 1, i.e., heterocyclic mesomeric betaines isoconjugate with odd alternant hydrocarbon anions. Another... 

Figure 3 depicts profiles of Total PAH fluxes vs. time (36). The following polycyclic hydrocarbons have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography, variable wavelength absorption detection Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 2-methylnaphtalene, fluorene, acenaphtene, phenanthrene, 2,3-dimethylnaphtalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, 1-methylphenanthrene, pyrene, 2,3-benzofluorene, triphenylene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, perylene, benzo(e)pyrene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene. 

Pure Solutions 1644 Generator columns for PAH Anthracene, benzo[a]- ... 

Two types of reactions are important in the photochemical transformation of PAHs, those with molecnlar oxygen and those involving cyclization. lllnstrative examples are provided by the photooxidation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (Lee and Harvey 1986) (Fignre 1.14a) and benzo[a]pyrene (Lee-Ruff et al. 1986) (Figure 1.14b), and the cyclization of CM-stilbene (Figure 1.14c). 

FIGURE 1.14 Photooxygenation of (a) 7,12-diniethylbenz[a]anthracene, (b) benzo[a]pyrene, and (c) photo-cylization of cw-stilbene. 

Note Bi, biphenyl Nap, naphthalene Phe, phenanthrene Anth, anthracene Hu, fluoranthene Pyr, pyrene Chr, chrysene BaAnth, benz[a]anthracene BaPyr, benzo[a]pyrene BbFlu, benzo[h]fluoranthene DBaAnth, dibenz[a,/i]anthracene 3-Me-Chol, 3-methylcholanthrene. 

Schneider J,RGrosser,KJayasimhulu,WXue,DWarshawsky(1996)Degradationofpyrene,benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene by Mycobacterium sp. strain RGHll-135, isolated from a former coal gasification site. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 13-19. 

A cytochrome P450 has been purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity (King et al. 1984), and metabolizes benzo[fl]pyrene to 3- and 9-hydroxybenzo[fl]pyrene and benzo[fl]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (Wiseman and Woods 1979). The transformation of PAHs by Candida Upolytica produced predominantly monohydroxyl-ated products naphth-l-ol from naphthalene, 4-hydroxybiphenyl from biphenyl and 3- and 9-hydroxybenzo[fl]pyrene from benzo[fl]pyrene (Cerniglia and Crow 1981). The transformation of phenanthrene was demonstrated in a number of yeasts isolated from littoral sediments and of these, Trichosporumpenicillatum was the most active. In contrast, biotransformation of benz[fl]anthracene by Candida krusei and Rhodotorula minuta was much slower (MacGillivray and Shiaris 1993). 

Although a number of white-rot fungi have been examined and shown to degrade PAHs (Field et al. 1992), greatest attention has probably been directed to Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to the PAHs anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene that will be used to illustrate the cardinal principles. A substantial fraction of PAHs may also be sorbed to the biomass—40% for phenanthrene and 22% for benzo[a]pyrene (Barclay et al. 1995). The degree of mineralization of PAHs by white-rot fungi may sometimes be quite low, for example, for Pleurotus ostreatus, yields were 3.0, 0.44, 0.19, and 0.19% for phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively (Bezalel et al. 1996a). 

Juhasz AL, ML Britz, GA Stanley (1997) Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[(3,/j]anthracene and coronene by Burkholderia cepacia. Water Sci Technol 36 45-51. 

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