Perfume synthesis

Uses Perfume synthesis flavoring pharmaceutical intermediate. 

Uses High-boiling solvent intermediate for perfumes synthesis... 

CifiHjoO. A yellow liquid b.p. 330°C. The perfume base obtained from the scent glands of the Tibetan musk deer also available by synthesis. 

We made this important intermediate (A) in a slightly different way (frame 318), but this is how it s made industrially for use in perfumes and flavours (Pure. Annl. Chem.. 1975, 43, 527). How would you extend this synthesis to make TM 324 ... 

Heico Chemicals is the only producer of acetamide in the United States. Small amounts are imported from Europe and Asia. It is shipped in 32-L (35-gal) dmms weighing about 80 kg. Acetamide appears to have a wide spectmm of appHcations. It suppresses acid buildup in printing inks, lacquers, explosives, and perfumes. It is a mild moisturi2er and is used as a softener for leather, textiles, paper, and certain plastics. It finds some appHcations in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and antioxidants for plastics. 

Formic acid is used as an intermediate in the production of a number of dmgs, dyes, flavors, and perfume components. It is used, for example, in the synthesis of aspartame and in the manufacture of formate esters for flavor and fragrance appHcations. 

Flavors and Fragrances. SaUcylaldehyde is a starting material in the synthesis of coumatin, which finds extensive use in the soap (qv) and perfume (qv) industries and saUcylaldehyde can be used itself as a preservative in essential oils and perfumes (see Oils, essential). The antibacterial activity of sahcylaldehyde is strong enough to allow its use at very low concentrations (79). 

Diketones are intermediates for synthesis of perfumes and natural products, and several preparative methods have been developed (327) in the simplest preparative methods, ketone enolates ate oxidatively dimerized (328) ... 

Cyanide Wastes. Ozone is employed as a selective oxidant in laboratory-scale synthesis (7) and in commercial-scale production of specialty organic chemicals and intermediates such as fragrances, perfumes (qv), flavors, antibiotics (qv), hormones (qv), and vitamins (qv). In Japan, several metric tons per day (t/d) of piperonal [120-57-0] (3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde) is manufactured in 87% yield via ozonolysis and reduction of isosafrole [93-16-3], Piperonal (or heHotropine [120-57-0]) has a pleasant odor and is used in perfumery. Oleic acid [112-80-1/, CH3(CH2 )7CH—CH(CH2 ). C02H, from tall oil (qv) is ozonated on a t/d scale to produce pelargonic, GgH2yG02H, and azelaic, H02G(GH2)yG02H, acids. Oleic acid also is ozonated in Japan... 

Chloroformates are versatile, synthetic intermediates, based on the affinity of the chlorine atoms for active hydrogen atoms. Chloroformates should be considered as intermediates for syntheses of pesticides, perfumes, dmgs, polymers, dyes, and other chemicals. Some of these products, eg, carbonates, are used as solvents, plastici2ers, or as intermediates for further synthesis. A significant use of chloroformates is for conversion to peroxydicarbonates, which serve as free-radical initiators for the polymeri2ation of vinyl chloride, ethylene, and other unsaturated monomers. The most widely used percarbonate initiators are diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate (IPP), di-2-ethyIhexylperoxydicarbonate (2-EHP), and di-j -butylperoxydicarbonate (SBP). The following Hst includes most of the commercially used percarbonates. 

Dichloroethylene can be used as a low temperature extraction solvent for organic materials such as dyes, perfumes, lacquers, and thermoplastics (13—15). It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other chlorinated solvents and compounds (2). 

Nearly all of the benzyl chloride [100-44-7], henzal chloride [98-87-3], and hen zotrichl oride /P< -(97-i manufactured is converted to other chemical intermediates or products by reactions involving the chlorine substituents of the side chain. Each of the compounds has a single primary use that consumes a large portion of the compound produced. Benzyl chloride is utilized in the manufacture of benzyl butyl phthalate, a vinyl resin plasticizer benzal chloride is hydrolyzed to benzaldehyde hen zotrichl oride is converted to benzoyl chloride. Benzyl chloride is also hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol, which is used in the photographic industry, in perfumes (as esters), and in peptide synthesis by conversion to benzyl chloroformate [501-53-1] (see Benzyl ALCOHOL AND p-PHENETHYL ALCOHOL CARBONIC AND CARBONOCm ORIDIC ESTERS). 

Broekhof NLJM, Hofma J. J., Renes H., Sell C. S. A New Variant of the Diels-Alder Reaction and Its Use in the Synthesis of Fragrance Materials Perfum. Flavor. 1992 77 11-12 14... 

Production of carbonic esters can also take place via reactions between higher alcohols and CO2. These compounds find use in a variety of sectors, for example, organic synthesis, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, polymers, solvents, and lubricants [44]. 

According to Example, it is possible to make 443 g of geranyl formate from 375 g of geraniol. A chemist making geranyl formate for the preparation of a perfume uses 375 g of starting material and collects 417 g of purified product. What is the percent yield of this synthesis ... 

These predictions correspond closely to the experimental observations and the mechanism suggested in the literature 74>. The conversion of furans to cyclopentenones is used industrially to obtain intermediates for the synthesis of insecticides, prostaglandins, perfumes, and compounds for energy storage 75 ... 

The process mentioned above was successfully applied to a short and efficient synthesis of two perfume compounds, cyclamen aldehyde and foliaver (Scheme 10).32... 

Tacke et al. have also studied the bioisosterism of fragrance materials and reported the synthesis of silamajantol, hydroxymethyldimethyl(3-methylbenzyl)silane 42, which shows drastically different sensory characteristics compared to the parent majantol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)propanol 43, an important perfume ingredient.203,204... 

Pd supported overlarge-pore tridimensional acidic zeolites such as HFAU are the more active and selective catalysts for the synthesis of bulkier ketones. Thus, in a 0.2% Pd-HFAU catalyst, yield and selectivity from cyclohexanone of 23 and 75% can be obtained in cyclohexylcyclohexanone synthesis. Furthermore, the S5mthesis of aldehydes can only be made selective by joining the hydrogenating metaUic sites (Pd) to basic sites (instead of acidic sites). Thus, 2-ethylhexanal, which is a component of perfumes and fragrances, can be synthesized with high yield and selectivity (64 and 91%, respectively) on a PdKX zeolite. Much lower yields and selectivities are obtained over nonzeolitic materials, such as Pd/MgO. 

Further important industrial applications of olefin metathesis include the synthesis of 3,3-dimethyl-l-butene ( neohexene , intermediate for the production of musk perfume) from ethene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, the manufacture of a,co-dienes from ethene and cycloalkenes (reversed RCM), and the ROMP of cyclooctene and norbomene to Vestenamer and Norsorex , respectively. 

---