Perfume components

Formic acid is used as an intermediate in the production of a number of dmgs, dyes, flavors, and perfume components. It is used, for example, in the synthesis of aspartame and in the manufacture of formate esters for flavor and fragrance appHcations. 

In an analogous manner, DCPD reacts with alcohols and phenols to form ether derivatives, and with halogen acids, thiocyanic acid, and various carboxyhc acids to form esters. These esters are used as perfume components (67). Dicyclopentadiene alcohol and a number of the ethers, esters, and glycol adducts have been claimed as coal and ore flotation aids (68). 

Consider that the odor perception by human nose is correlated with the odor value, OVj, in the headspace above the liquid. If a specific OVt distribution values is wanted, the perfume composition can be determined with the help of Equation (2). This methodology can facilitate the optimization of perfume compositions, reducing in this way some trial and error time and chemical wastes. Clearly, the problem is determined by structural decisions because the perfume composition depends on the interaction of the different perfume components. 

Methylenedioxyphenyl- 2-propanone Used in the manufacture of piperonal and other perfume components. 

Acetone/Vent Streams C2H4/Vent Streams Separation of Perfume Components... 

This effect of physically shielding unstable perfume components from contact with the water phase may perhaps be provided also by the stable components of the perfume compound itself, provided that the latter are present in sufficient excess. This would account for Paul Jellinek s observation (1954, p. 116) that "the presence of a soap-resistant aromatic delays the decomposition of compounds which are unstable to alkali, and may prevent it altogether," and for the common observation that unstable but powerful perfumery materials such as methyl heptine and octine carbonates which are normally used at very low levels exhibit better stability in practice than tests of their stability in pure form would have indicated. 

Compatibility is, in a sense, the reverse side of stability. While stability is a question of the effects of the medium on the perfume, compatibility has to do with the effects of the perfume upon the medium. Ideally the perfume has no effect whatsoever upon the product base. Special care in perfume formulation may be required to achieve or approach this ideal. In products containing inherently unstable oxidizing agents such as hypochlorites or peroxides, perfume components may accelerate the breakdown of these agents and thus deactivate the product. Dyes used in coloring products may be decolorized or otherwise affected by perfume materials. 

In the experiments by Burrell (1974) with superfatted soap and laundry detergent it was apparent that although chemical instability was observed in some instances, a far more general cause of odor loss in products whose packaging is odor permeable is the evaporation of perfume components. The vapor pressures given in Tables 13.1-13.3 can serve as a general indicator of the risk of loss by evaporation. 

Coming back once more to the alcoholic solutions After the alcohol has evaporated, there are still attraction forces of the dipole-dipole or hydrogen bonding kind at work that slow down the evaporation of the perfume material. These originate in part from interactions between the molecules of the different materials contained in the perfume. Perfumers may use materials of low volatility in their perfumes intending thereby to slow down the evaporation of more volatile perfume components. This is the practice commonly referred to as fixation (Sturm and Mansfeld 1976 Jellinek 1978). 

P. Frankhauser etal, US Patent 6,384,242 (May 7, 2002) Assignee Firmenich SA and Lonza AG Utility Fragrance and Perfume Component... 

Reduction reactions in the synthesis of the analgesic ibuprofen and the perfume component muscone (Section 20.4) The synthesis of the long-acting bronchodilator salmeterol (Section 20.6A)... 

Use Soaps, cosmetics, synthesis of esters for flavors and perfumes, component of food-grade additives. 

To understand perfume behaviour on these surfaces and/or matrices, we must consider the range of attractive or repulsive forces between the perfume components and the surface itself. The situation is complicated by the way in which perfume is delivered to the surface. For example, for a perfume ingredient in a soap bar to be substantive it must first be efficiently delivered to the skin during washing, it must then survive rinsing and, finally, it must be retained for some time on the skin. Definitions of substantivity and of retention vary, but here retention is used to indicate the affinity a perfume has for a substrate when delivered to it, whilst substantivity also includes delivery barriers. 

In summary, the volatility and headspace behaviour of perfume components is broadly comprehensible in terms of molecular interactions, both within products such as shampoos and colognes, and on or within substrates such as cloth or hair. However, the extreme complexity of the interactions, and the number of components invariably present, renders it difficult to predict a priori the headspace compositions in any given situation. Similar comments also apply to the related phenomena of ingredient or perfume fixation and substantivity. Nevertheless, it is possible to ... 

Methyl oleate (methyl c -q-octadecenoate) is an attractive functionalized olefin for metathesis because of its ready availability and the utility of the metathesis products. An early example is the proposed route to civetone by metathesis of methyl oleate followed by cyclocondensation (Eqs. lla,b). Civetone is a seven-teen-membered unsaturated macrocyclic ketone (d5-9-cycloheptadecen-l-one) identical with the natural compound (civet cat). It has an intense musk odour, and is therefore an attractive perfume component. 

Uses Synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals perfume component in heavy floral type perfumes and spice blends... 

Benzophenone is obtained by the reaction of benzoyl chloride with benzene under Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions. Benzophenone is used as a perfume component and as an additive in the production of printing inks. 

As said above, the main application of neohexene is the synthesis of musk perfume components, in two steps. The first step is the alkylation of / -cymene by neohexene and the second a reaction with acetyl chloride ... 

Dieckmann condensation followed by hydrolysis-decarboxylation to give the unsaturated macrocyclic ketone 9-cycloheptadecen- 1-one, whose cis form, civetone, is an attractive perfume component [4,5] equation (2). Moreover, unsaturated dicarboxylic esters and acids are interesting starting materials for the manufacture of polyesters and polyamides [6]. On the other hand, the co-product 9-octadecene can be dimerized and hydrogenated to give 10,11-dioctyleicosane, a lube-oil-range hydrocarbon intermediate [7]. 

These products are useful as intermediates for pharmaceuticals and perfumes components and for fungicides for agricultural purpose. 

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