Performance of three-dimensional

Li, X. J., W. Xing, J. Zhou et al. 2014. Excellent capacitive performance of three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene/carbon composite with a superhigh surface area. Chemistry - A European Journal 20 13314-13320. 

The remaining two sections deal with the fundamental and practical utilization of nanostructural materials in gaseous and liquid environments. The second section deals with the former case. A balanced blend of theoretical and practical applications is presented. Both theory and application emphasize the importance of structural and energetic heterogeneity and its influence on the performance of three-dimensional materials that are essentially only two-dimensional due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. 

Fleischmann, M. and Jansson, R.E.W. (1977) The characterisation and performance of three dimensional electrodes. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 49, 283. 

Liu, Y., Dai, H., Du, Y., Deng, J., Zhang, L., Zhao, Z., and Au, C.T. (2012) Controlled preparation and high catalytic performance of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous LaMnOa with nanovoid skeletons for the combustion of toluene./. Catal, "iXI, 149-160. 

Zheng, J., Liu, J., Zhao, Z., Xu, J., Duan, A., and Jiang, G. (2012) The synthesis and catalytic performances of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite-type LaMni- Fe Oa complex oxide catalysts with different pore diameters for diesel soot combustion. Catal Today, 191,146-153. 

Wang C, Wang DL, Wang QM, Chen HJ (2010) Fabrication and lithiiun storage performance of three-dimensional porous NiO as anode for lithium-ion battery. J Power Sourc 195 7432-7437... 

The coordinated macrocycle readily reacts with alkoxide ions to yield products of type (71) (Taylor, Urbach Busch, 1969). In so doing additional flexibility is imparted to the ring which may reduce ring strain and, in part, provide a driving force for the reaction. Thus the coordinated imine carbons appear predisposed to attack by such nucleophiles. Based on this knowledge, elegant template syntheses of three-dimensional derivatives have been performed. The syntheses involved the reaction of [M(taab)]2+ (M = Ni, Cu) with the dialkoxide ions derived from bis(2-hydroxyethyl)sulphide or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine (Katovic, Taylor Busch, 1969). The products were demonstrated to be monomeric square-pyramidal complexes of type (72). The condensation... 

Another important future area for diffusion layers is the use of three-dimensional catalyzed diffusion layers for liquid-based fuel cells. This allows the three-phase active zone to be extended into the diffusion layer to increase performance and utilization and reduce crossover [276,277]. Recent work by Lam, Wilkinson, and Zhang [278] has shown the scaleable use of this concept to create a membraneless direct methanol fuel cell. In other work by Fatih et al. [279], the... 

Then, instead of performing the six-dimensional integral in Eq. (5.19) all at once, we perform successive three-dimensional integrals over s and R. The first step takes us to W R,P), the Wigner representation [130,131] of the density matrix, and the second step to the p-space density matrix, n(P — p/2 P + p/2). The reverse transformation of Eq. (5.20) can also be performed stepwise over P and p to obtain A( , p), the Moyal mixed representation [132], and then the r-space representation V R— s/2 R + s/2). These steps are shown schematically in Figure 5.2. 

After a number of three-dimensional reconstructions are performed they may be averaged using the program SUPCOMB (Kozin and Svergun, 2001), which performs an initial alignment of structures based on their axes of inertia followed by measurement of their overlap by minimization of the normalized spatial discrepancy (NSD). For two sets of points Sj = 1,. .., and S2 = 1,. .N2 the NSD is defined as... 

The computation is done using the formulation and computational methodology of Ref, [273], In Appendix C we briefly summarize the angular momentum algebra and some other details involved in performing this three-dimensional quantum calculation on triatomic photodissociation, We also discuss the loss of control, in this scenario, with m averaging. 

Thermal Expansivity (AL/L). Experiments were performed to determine what influence microstructure has on the thermal expansion characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) C-C composites prepared with two types of coal tar pitch as matrix precursors. 

For soft human tissue that would be otherwise have too low a contrast to be resolved in conventional high-intensity planar X-ray radiography, a thorough study of X-ray absorbance as a function of tissue density and thickness allowed the development of hardware and software for computed axial tomography (CAT scanning) which performs a three-dimensional analysis of X-ray absorption at low intensities and convenient two-dimensional displays of resolved human tissue features. 

A similar analysis can be performed for three-dimensional lattices subjected to the same flow. The corresponding maximum concentration curve in three dimensions is shown in Fig. 3 as a function of the flow parameter X. This curve displays a discontinuous dependence on X in the neighborhood of X = 0, revealing a very special feature of simple shear flow. The saw-tooth property characterizing hyperbolic flows (X > 0) is derived from the best estimates... 

Hansen and Pearson [27] have recently employed a linear superposition of exponential repulsive interaction potentials between an inert atom and the atoms of a homonuclear diatomic molecule. They then performed a three-dimensional semiclassical calculation of the vibrational-transition probability including simultaneous rotational transitions. They conclude that the effect of coupled rotational transitions leading predominantly to AJ = 2 affect the vibrational-transition rate by 50% or more. 

Most of the simulations reviewed were performed in two dimensions, although some simulations of three-dimensional detonations are discussed in Sec. 3.1.2. Equilibrated molecular crystals for AB Model I in both two and three dimensions are shown in Fig. 2. This model has slightly longer bond lengths than either Model II or III, but otherwise the starting crystal structures are similar for all three models. To model an infinite crystal, almost all detonation simulations were carried out with periodic boundary conditions enforced perpendicular to the direction of the shock propagation. 

As an extension of our research program concerned with the elucidation of the mechanism of three-dimensional network formation in the radical polymerization of multivinyl compounds, we attempted to control network formation with the intention of collecting the basic data for the molecular design of three-dimensional vinyl-type polymers with high performance and high limctionality. 

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