Perfluorosulfonic acid polymer

The PEM (proton exchange membrane) material is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer film. Several manufacturers make PEMs in one form or another. We used one made by du Pont called Nation 117. Nation 117 is a transparent polymer film about 175 microns (0.007 inches) thick. Dow Chemical Co., Asahi Chemical Co., and Chloride Engineers Ltd. make something similar. A patent describing how one PEM manufacturer s film is processed is listed in the references section at the end of this article. 

Hoshi, N. and Ikeda, M. 2005. Perfluorosulfonic acid polymer. Japan Patent 2005048121. 

Perfluorosulfonic acid polymers, for example, Nafion, or ionic and cross-linked polystyrene derivatives, are the best known examples of ion-exchange membrane materials (see also Section 2.6.4). 

Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Here, there is no apparent liquid solution, or high-temperature ionic conductor. The usual ionic solution between the electrodes is replaced by a well-humidified membrane made of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer that conducts protons. 

Meng, F. Aieta, N. V. Dec, S. F. Horan, J. L. Williamson, D. Frey, M. H. Pham, P. Turner, J. A. Yandrasits, M. A. Hamrock, S. J. Herring, A. M., Structural and Transport Effects of Doping Perfluorosulfonic Acid Polymers with the Heteropoly Acids, H3PW12O40 or H4SiW12O40. Electrochimica Acta 2007, In Press. 

Harrison, D.J., Turner, R.B.F., and Baltes, H.P. (1988) Characterization of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer coated enzyme electrodes and a miniaturized integrated potentiostat for glucose analysis in whole blood. Analytical Chemistry, 60, 2002-2007. 

Harrison et al. (1988) have shown that GOD-modified platinum electrodes can be effectively protected from electrode fouling by dip-coating with a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer. The dip-coating formed a polymer layer of 2 pm thickness on the electrode. After 6 days of continuous in vitro measurement in whole blood at 37°C the sensitivity was decreased by only 6%. Interferences from electroactive anions were reduced due to the Donnan exclusion of these species. Nevertheless, differential measurements were necessary for complete elimination of interferents. 

As a proton-conducting polymer, Nafion (a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer) has high ionic conductivity and has also been investigated as an electrolyte for different types of solid-state ESs [852-858]. It has been found that high scan rates could be achieved for ESs with Nafion electrolytes [854,855,859]. 

Y. Chang, G.F. Brunello, J. Puller, M.L. Disabb-Miller, M.E. Hawley, Y.S. Kim, M.A. Hickner, S.S. Jang, C. Bae, Polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(arylene ether sulfone) with pendant perfluorosulfonic acid, Polym. Chem. 4 (2) (2013) 272-281. 

Product Information, 2005, DuPont Nafion PFSA Membranes N-112, NE-1135, N-115, N-117, NE-1110 Perfluorosulfonic Acid Polymer. NAEIOI. 

The diaphragm may be replaced by a cation exchange membrane which is suitable for high concentrated hydrochloric acid like Nafion (DuPont, perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, PFSA, see entry Chlorine and Caustic Technology, Membrane Cell Process ). This membrane has almost no usual porosity and is nearly exclusively permeable for ions including a hydration shell of some water molecules. Thus, product quality is significantly increased, process operation can be simplified, and cell voltage is reduced by about 0.3 V [1, 6]. However, the mechanical durability... 

The principle of operation is shown in Fig. 2. Chlorine gas is produced at the anode (especially optimized dimensionally stable anode) with an anolyte feed concentration of 14 wt % HCl. Anode and cathode are separated by a cation exchange membrane (perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, PFSA, e.g., Nafion of DuPont). The ODC is based on a conductive carbon cloth which operates simultaneously as a gas diffusion layer because a suitable material is incorporated. The oxygen reduction reaction (5) takes place in three-phase boundaries of a thin, porous catalyst layer on the surface. 

Meng F, Aieta NV, Dec SF, Horan JL, Williamson D, Frey MH, Pham P, Turner JA, Yandrasits MA, Hamrock SJ, Herring AM (2007) Structural and transport effects of doping perfluorosulfonic acid polymers with the heteropoly acids, H3PW12O40 or H4SiWi2O40. Electrochim Acta 53 1372-1378... 

DuPont Fluoroproducts have more than 30 years of fuel cell development experience. The company dispersion-casts or extrudes its Nafion brand of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer/PTFE copolymer membranes. 

Figure 5.2 Chemical structure of prefluorinated ion exchange polymer. X SO3 perfluorosulfonic acid polymer COO petfluorocarboxylic acid polymer or SO F thermoplastic polymer.

Siracusano S, Baglio V, Stassi A et al (2014) Performance analysis of short-side-chain Aquivion perfluorosulfonic acid polymer for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. J Membr Sci 466 1-7... 

Choi J, Lee KM, Wycisk R, Pintauro PN, Mather PT (2010) Nanofiber composite membranes with low equivalent weight perfluorosulfonic acid polymers . J. Mater. Chem. 20 6282. 

Biocompatibility of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Polymer Membranes for Biosensor Applications... 

Based on the ion-cluster model of the perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, shown in Fig. 5, flie change in flie concentration of the cations and water transfer into those which are calculated by Eqs. 21,22, and 23 results in the pressure state in the cluster by using flie following relations ... 

So, the particles have at least one dimension that is less than 200 nm. The use of nanoparticles was found to improve the performance of the membrane assemblies compared to assemblies using macroparticles. As ionomers, perfluorosulfonic acid polymers, e.g., poly-(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorosulfonyl fluoride), can be used (153). 

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