Percentage, defined

Another important parameter, strictly related to the partition coefficient, is the extraction percentage, defined as follows when Vorg = ... 

Both phases are carried out in an oxidative environment. Usually, the gases employed are nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) with percentages defined by the oxidation intensity required (e.g. 90% N2 and 10% O2). The aim is to obtain powders containing the largest quantity of carbon nanotubes, thus minimizing residuals. 

The percentage share of the inserts made austenite steel in the martensite structure is refered to the visual field of the probe in the given location. Every probe after performance is given a characteristics, in which the visual field is given, determined using special devices defining the visual field at different distances from the tested object. 

Segregation of bearings, with regard to residual austenite was performed with the aid of WIROTEST 202 and WIROTEST 12 finish. Selected rings with defined indications were subject to metalographic tests, in order to state whether residual austenite occurs, and then using the diffraction method, the percentage content of residual austenite. 

The MEP is defined as the path of steepest descent in mass-weighted Cartesian coordinates. This is also called intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC). In reality, we know that many other paths close to the IRC path would also lead to a reaction and the percentage of the time each path is taken could be described by the Boltzmann distribution. 

Optical Properties. Brightness, or visual whiteness of paper, can be defined as the degree to which light is reflected uniformly over the visible spectmm. Since pulp and typical impurities tend to be yellowish, blue dye is sometimes added in addition to appropriate fillers. The percentage reflectance is usually measured in the blue end of the spectmm at or near 457 nm (14). 

Many factors other than current influence the rate of machining. These involve electrolyte type, rate of electrolyte flow, and other process conditions. For example, nickel machines at 100% current efficiency, defined as the percentage ratio of the experimental to theoretical rates of metal removal, at low current densities, eg, 25 A/cm. If the current density is increased to 250 A/cm the efficiency is reduced typically to 85—90%, by the onset of other reactions at the anode. Oxygen gas evolution becomes increasingly preferred as the current density is increased. 

The products are an oversize (underflow, heavies, sands) and an undersize (overflow, lights, slimes). An intermediate size can also be produced by varying the effective separating force. Separation size maybe defined either as a specific size in the overflow screen analysis, eg, 5% retained on 65 mesh screen or 45% passing 200 mesh screen, or as a d Q, defined as a cut-off or separation size at which 50% of the particles report to the oversize or undersize. The efficiency of a classifier is represented by a performance or partition curve (2,6), similar to that used for screens, which relates the particle size to the percentage of each size in the feed that reports to the underflow. 

By defining isooctane as having an octane number of 100 and / -heptane as having an octane number of 0, the volumetric percentage of isooctane in heptane that matches the knock from the unknown fuel can be calculated as the octane number of the fuel. For example, 90 vol % isooctane and 10 vol % normal heptane produce a 90-octane-number reference fuel. 

Pattemators may comprise an array of tubes or concentric circular vessels to coUect Hquid droplets at specified axial and radial distances. Depending on the pattemator, various uniformity indexes can be defined using the accumulated relative values between the normalized flow rate over a certain sector or circular region and a reference value that represents a perfectly uniform distribution. For example, using an eight-sector pie-shaped coUector, the reference value for a perfectly uniform spray would be 12.5%. The uniformity index (28) could then be expressed as foUows, where is the normalized volume or mass flow rate percentage in each 45-degree sector. 

T, % tar acids, is defined as the percentage by volume extracted by 10% aqueous caustic soda. 

Forming Limit Analysis. The ductihty of sheet and strip can be predicted from an analysis that produces a forming limit diagram (ELD), which defines critical plastic strains at fracture over a range of forming conditions. The ELD encompasses the simpler, but limited measures of ductihty represented by the percentage elongation from tensile tests and the minimum bend radius from bend tests. 

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