Oxidizing intensity

Results of the flow parameters calculation for the stage of ignition of the air-dust mixtures are shown in [6], Here, the results are presented for the volatiles oxidizing intensity for the following stages of the process the formation of... 

The results show that the dynamics of the reaction zone in a turbulent flame can be traced by the evolution of the volatiles oxidation intensity field. Ignited in the ball-shaped volume, the turbulent flame expands as a relatively wide spherical layer containing strong nonuniformities of the reaction rate. Similar nonuniformities were also detected in the experiments by means of direct optical registration of the flame-ball dynamics [10]. Thus, the numerical results qualitatively reflect the influence of dust concentration nonuniformities that existed... 

Substrate agent Solvent Oxidant Intensity Color Ref. 

The equilibrium redox potential, the free energy change per mole electron for a given reduction, represents the oxidizing intensity of the couple at equilibrium. It is conveniently expressed for many applications in terms of the parameter, pE, as proposed by Jorgensen (8) and popularized by Sillen (14). This parameter is defined by the relation,... 

Fig. 18 ISS relative substrate oxide intensities as a function of overlayer coverages for NiO/MgO, MgO/ NiO, NiO/CaO and CaO/NiO. The lines are guides to the eye, not fits.

Lundin S, Mang H, Smithies M, Stenqvist O, Frostell C. Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury results of a European multicentre study. The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide. Intensive Care Med 1999 25(9) 911-19. 

We can express (relative) electron activity in pe or in volts. The use of pe, which is dimensionless, makes calculations simpler than the use of E, because every tenfold change in the activity ratio causes a unit change in pe. Furthermore, because an electron can reduce a proton, the intensity parameter for oxidation might preferably be expressed in units equivalent to pe. Of course, in making a direct electrochemical measurement of the oxidizing intensity, an emf (volts) is being measured, but the same is true of pH measurements, and a half century ago the acidity potential was used to characterize the relative H ion activity. 

The listing of pe (W) values in Tables 8.6a and 8.6b permits an immediate grading of different systems in the order of their oxidizing intensity at pH = 7. Any system in Table 8.6a will tend to oxidize equimolar concentrations of any other system having a lower pe (W) value. For example, we see that, at pH = 7, NO can oxidize HS to SO4 ... 

Under this environment, and if the oxidation intensity is not sufficiently high, liquor sulfite could build up to a level at which CaS03 begins to precipitate on alkaline limestone particles, causing limestone blinding, reduced dissolution, and a pH drop. The problem is usually avoided by increasing the air stoichiometry to prevent the buildup of sulfite in the liquor. 

Eh scale can be used to quantify reduction intensity (or oxidation intensity) in chemical and biological systems, as shown in Figure 4.2. The scale is in electromotive force (EMF) units or volts (or millivolts). We can conveniently divide the redox scale into zones ranging from oxidized at one end (where the aerobes function) to highly reduced at the other end (where the methane producers and sulfate reducers function). 

Both phases are carried out in an oxidative environment. Usually, the gases employed are nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) with percentages defined by the oxidation intensity required (e.g. 90% N2 and 10% O2). The aim is to obtain powders containing the largest quantity of carbon nanotubes, thus minimizing residuals. 

At the first stage the mixture of oxides is placed into chloride melts, and the system is heterogeneous since all oxides are slightly soluble in the ionic liquid. Passing carbon dioxide through the melt results in a considerable increase of pO (acidity), which causes an increase of the metal oxide solubihty. At this stage the oxides intensely dissolve in melt, and, at a certain metal oxide/melf mass ratio, the mixture can be completely dissolved in melt. 

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