Volume percentage

As stated earlier, these hydrocarbons are difficult to quantify with accuracy. The FIA method, which is a chromatographic adsorption on silica, gives volume percentages of saturated hydrocarbons, olefins and aromatics. 

The initial temperature of a gas condensate lies between the critical temperature and the cricondotherm. The fluid therefore exists at initial conditions in the reservoir as a gas, but on pressure depletion the dew point line is reached, at which point liquids condense in the reservoir. As can be seen from Figure 5.22, the volume percentage of liquids is low, typically insufficient for the saturation of the liquid in the pore space to reach the critical saturation beyond which the liquid phase becomes mobile. These... 

The AeroSizer, manufactured by Amherst Process Instmments Inc. (Hadley, Massachusetts), is equipped with a special device called the AeroDisperser for ensuring efficient dispersal of the powders to be inspected. The disperser and the measurement instmment are shown schematically in Figure 13. The aerosol particles to be characterized are sucked into the inspection zone which operates at a partial vacuum. As the air leaves the nozzle at near sonic velocities, the particles in the stream are accelerated across an inspection zone where they cross two laser beams. The time of flight between the two laser beams is used to deduce the size of the particles. The instmment is caUbrated with latex particles of known size. A stream of clean air confines the aerosol stream to the measurement zone. This technique is known as hydrodynamic focusing. A computer correlation estabUshes which peak in the second laser inspection matches the initiation of action from the first laser beam. The equipment can measure particles at a rate of 10,000/s. The output from the AeroSizer can either be displayed as a number count or a volume percentage count. 

Use LeChatelier s law to blend mixtures as in the following example (volume percentages are used) ... 

Five to 10 c.c. of the oil are shaken in a Hirschsohn fiask, as used for cassia oil analysis, with a 5 per cent, solution of caustic soda, until absorption is complete, and the unabsorbed oil driven into the neck cf the flask by more of the solution and its volume read off. The difference between the original amount of oil used and the unabsorbed portion may be taken as phenols. Strictly speaking, this method gives a volume percentage, which can be converted into a weight percentage if the specific gravities of the two portions of the oil be known. 

Other methods for estimating the volume percentage of the interphases in a composition have been proposed, too, for example, measurements of density variations [76, 77], volume of compressed sample [78], the dielectric constant [77], etc. The important thing is that the interphase thickness determined in one way or another is an effective value dependent upon the conditions and type of the experiment by which it was determined [51]. 

Volume percentages are taken as equivalent to mol per cent. Argon entering system with feed = 100 x 0.2/100 = 0.2 mol. Let purge rate per 100 mol feed be F. 

The composition of a gas derived by the gasification of coal is, volume percentage carbon dioxide 4, carbon monoxide 16, hydrogen 50, methane 15, ethane 3, benzene 2, balance nitrogen. If the gas is burnt in a furnace with 20 per cent excess air, calculate ... 

Specified concentrations of TFSA were injected into sample bottles containing 0.1 dm3 of the untreated crude oil emulsion. The sample bottles were then capped, vigorously shaken and heated to the approx>riate reservoir temperature. The volume percentage of the total water phase which separates from the oil, the clarity of... 

The planet Mars is smaller than the Earth its diameter is 6,762 km, compared with the Earth s 12,760 km. Our neighbour planet has only a very thin atmosphere (surface pressure 0.005-0.010 atm), so its surface can easily be observed. The atmosphere consists of the following (volume percentages given) ... 

LFL% is the volume percentage of fuel in air at the lower flammability limit, and z is the stoichiometric oxygen coefficient from the combustion reaction given by Equation AC-9. 

A popular Bourbon whiskey is listed as being 92 Proof. The liquor industry defines Proof as being twice the volume percentage of alcohol in a blend. Ethanol (drinking alcohol) has the structural formula CH3CH2OH (MW = 46 g/mol). The density of ethanol is 0.79 g/mL. How many liters of whiskey must one have in order to have 50. moles of... 

A solution is prepared by mixing 125.0 g of benzene in enough toluene to yielding a solution whose volume is 326.3 mL. Determine the mass/volume percentage of the solution. 

Determine the volume percentage of carbon tetrachloride in a solution prepared by dissolving 100.0 mL of carbon tetrachloride and 100.0 mL of methylene chloride in 750.0 mL of chloroform. Assume the volumes are additive. 

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