Methane cent

The simpler nitrop>arafIins (nitromethane, nitroethane, 1- and 2-nitroproj)ane) are now cheap commercial products. They are obtained by the vapour phase nitration of the hydrocarbons a gaseous mixture of two mols of hydrocarbon and 1 mol of nitric acid vapour is passed through a narrow reaction tube at 420-476°. Thus with methane at 476° a 13 per cent, conversion into nitro methane is obtained ethane at 420° gives a 9 1 mixture of nitroethane (b.p. 114°) and nitromethane (b.p. 102°) propane at 420° afifords a 21 per cent, yield of a complex mixture of 1- (b.p. 130-6°) and 2-nitropropane (b.p. 120°), nitroethane and nitromethane, which are separated by fractional distillation. 

The analyses of various gases from the North Sea are shown in Table 19.1. It is seen that the analysis is very constant, with methane being the dominant constituent at 91-96 per cent. 

The relatively high hydrogen content of gas, contained in the methane, leads to a water vapor content of approximately 18 per cent by volume in the flue products. The analysis of the other constituent gases is affected by whether or not the water vapor is included. 

Dr. Blum Our office in New York has done several economic analyses. The distinct advantage of liquid-phase methanation, other than the fact it does not have recycle cost, is that it requires only about 60% of the capital cost. For a commercial plant of 250 billion Btu per day, the capital cost is projected at about 18,000,000. Since the operating costs depend very substantially on the capital costs, there is a very big reduction in operating costs. We project at the moment an advantage in the order of four to six cents per million Btu over cold gas and hot gas recycle. 

In a test on a furnace fired with natural gas (composition 95 per cent methane, 5 per cent nitrogen) the following flue gas analysis was obtained carbon dioxide 9.1 per cent, carbon monoxide 0.2 per cent, oxygen 4.6 per cent, nitrogen 86.1 per cent, all percentages by volume. 

To ensure complete combustion, 20 per cent excess air is supplied to a furnace burning natural gas. The gas composition (by volume) is methane 95 per cent, ethane 5 per cent. Calculate the mols of air required per mol of fuel. 

The composition of a gas derived by the gasification of coal is, volume percentage carbon dioxide 4, carbon monoxide 16, hydrogen 50, methane 15, ethane 3, benzene 2, balance nitrogen. If the gas is burnt in a furnace with 20 per cent excess air, calculate ... 

When produced from natural gas the synthesis gas will be impure, containing up to 5 per cent inerts, mainly methane and argon. The reaction equilibrium and rate are favoured by high pressure. The conversion is low, about 15 per cent and so, after removal of the ammonia produced, the gas is recycled to the converter inlet. A typical process would consist of a converter (reactor) operating at 350 bar a refrigerated system to condense out the ammonia product from the recycle loop and compressors to compress the feed and recycle gas. A purge is taken from the recycle loop to keep the inert concentration in the recycle gas at an acceptable level. 

Conventional Process (cents/lb) Hypothetical Methane to Methanol Process (cents/lb)... 

Murata [42] showed that the addition of a few per cent of potassium and sodium nitrates somewhat increases the safety of an explosive with respect to methane but in larger quantities their effect is almost negligible. 

One serious limitation of NMR measurements is the size of sample required. It is not possible to measure trace amounts or extremely dilute solutions as is possible in optical spectroscopy. When there is but a single proton in a compound to be measured, we have been able to use concentrations down to one mole per cent, and correspondingly lower concentrations if more than one equivalent proton is present. Gaseous samples, with the possible exception of such gases as methane, ethylene, benzene, etc., having several equivalent protons, usually require pressures in excess of one atmosphere. 

When the furnace is fully heated, boiling water is placed beneath the round-bottom flask and cold water passed through the condenser. Acetone is now dropped in at the rate of 3-4 cc. per minute. About half the acetone should be recovered as distillate in cylinder B (Note 5). Ketene, admixed with methane, carbon monoxide, and ethylene, passes into the reaction flasks (Note 6) in 25-20 per cent yields. The flow may be interrupted at will by checking the acetone flow. 

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