Peptide pulmonary

Lilly, C.M., Martins, M.A. and Drazen, J.M. (1993a). Peptidase modulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide pulmonary relaxation in tracheal superfused guinea-pig lung . J. Clin. Invest. 91, 235-243. 

Lilly, C.M., Stamler, J.S., Gaston, B. etal. (1993b). Modulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide pulmonary relaxation by NO in tracheally superfused guinea-p lun. Am. J. Physiol. 265, L410-L415. 

Alber S., Huang L., Watkins S., Li S. Lipid-mediated delivery of peptide nucleic acids to pulmonary endothelium. 

Much of the pulmonary NEP activity is believed to reside in the epithelium, as has been demonstrated in the ferret (Borson et al., 1986), and thus it is likely that inhaled ozone would preferentially destroy luminal NEP before affecting any enzymes in the vasculature, which may degrade peptides delivered by the intravenous route. This may explain the route-dependency of BHR after ozone in guinea pigs. Further evidence that the oxidant effects of inhaled ozone are selective is provided by the findings that pressor responses to angiotensin I (which requires conversion by ACE to angiotensin II) were not altered by ozone exposure (Yeadon et eU., 1992). 

A Adjei, J Garren. Pulmonary delivery of peptide drugs effect of particle size on bioavailability of... 

J. S. Patton and R. M. Platz, Routes of drug delivery case studies (2) pulmonary delivery of peptides and proteins for systemic action, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, 8, 179 (1992). 

Localization of the peptide transporter PEPT2 in the lung implications for pulmonary oligopeptide uptake. Am J Pathol 2001 158(2)707-714. 

The modification of amino acids in proteins and peptides by oxidative processes plays a major role in the development of disease and in aging (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1989, 1990 Kim et al., 1985 Tabor and Richardson, 1987 Stadtman, 1992). Tissue damage through free radical oxidation is known to cause various cancers, neurological degenerative conditions, pulmonary problems, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and a host of other problems. Oxidation of protein structures can alter activity, inhibit normal protein interactions, modify amino acid side chains, cleave peptide bonds, and even cause crosslinks to form between proteins. 

Wall DA (1995) Pulmonary absorption of peptides and proteins. Drug Debv 2 1-20. 

Proteolytic enzymes in the respiratory mucosa play important role(s) in the regulation of lung inflammation and remodelling [123, 124], Pulmonary proteolytic enzymes, however, also comprise one of the barriers which pulmonary-administered protein/peptide drugs have to overcome in order to achieve adequate bioavailability [125]. Intriguingly, the pulmonary enzymatic barrier is an aspect that has been little investigated and is poorly understood. Inconsistencies in the data available to date are most likely a result of the use of different techniques (e.g., PCR, immunotechniques and enzyme activity assays), different species and different cell (pheno)types, for example primary cells vs. cell lines. 

Groneberg DA, Fischer A, Chung KF, Daniel H (2004) Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary peptidomimetic drug and peptide transport. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 30(3) 251-260. 

Dodoo AN, Bansal SS, Barlow DJ, Bennet F, Hider RC, Lansley AB, Lawrence MJ, Marriott C (2000) Use of alveolar cell monolayers of varying electrical resistance to measure pulmonary peptide transport. J Pharm Sci 89(2) 223-231... 

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