Pepper oleoresin

U.S. Oleoresin Imports. Reports of the USDA Hst only paprika and black pepper oleoresins by name, and label all others, eg, capsicum, celery seed, and turmeric, as "other" (Table 3). The steady increase in the value of oleoresin imports is expected to continue. 

H. Schulz, M. Baranska, R. Quilitzsch, W. Schtitze and G. Losing, Characterization of peppercorn, pepper oil, and pepper oleoresin by vibrational spectroscopy methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 3358-3363 (2005). 

Pepper oil and pepper oleoresin are obtained from the black pepper Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae). Pepper oil is produced by steam distillation of whole or crushed fruits. The oil is an almost colorless to bluish-green liquid with a characteristic odor, reminiscent of pepper, but without the pungency of the spice. 

Pepper oleoresin is produced by solvent extraction and, unlike the oil, contains the principal pungent compound, piperine [94-62-2], along with some essential oil. 

Piperine is the major constituent of pepper oleoresin (Borges and Pino, 1993). The isolation of piperanine, a new pungent component of black pepper oleoresin, is described and its structure is shown by synthesis to be trans-5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-pentenoic acid piperidide. The pungency of black pepper (P. nigrum L.) was attributed to the presence of piperine, the structure of which was later proven to be trans,trans-5-(3,4-methylenedi-oxyphenyl)-2, 4-pentadi-enoic acid piperidide. Further investigations into the pungency of this spice revealed that unidentified materials other than piperine also contributed to its pungency. 

Piperine is the major constituent of pepper oleoresin. Black pepper oil contributes towards the aroma, oleoresin contributes towards the overall taste and the alkaloid... 

Borges, P. and Pino, J. (1993) Preparation of black pepper oleoresin by alcohol extraction. Nahrung 37(2), 12 7-130. 

Reilly, C.A., Crouch, D.J. and Yost, G.S. (2001) Quantitative analysis of capsaicinoids in fresh peppers, oleoresin capsicum and pepper spray products. Journal of Forensic Sciences 46(3), 502-509. 

Rosin and Tuorila [63] did some comparative research on the odour and flavour intensity of garlic oil and pepper oleoresin in beef stock and in mashed potatoes with no fat and with 10 percent fat content respectively. Using the same dose the intensity of garlic oil was perceived nearly equal in all three foods, i.e. texture (liquid or solid), carbohydrate content and fat content of the foods had almost no influence. In contrast, pepper oleoresin was perceived far better in the liquid beef stock than in the two types of mashed potatoes. In those containing fat, the oleoresin was perceived weaker than in the fat free potatoes. This allows conclusions as to the flavour binding capacity of the fat. 

HORNERO-MENDEZ D and MINGUEZ-MOSQUERA MI. 2001. Rapid spectro-photometric determination of red and yellow isochromic carotenoid fractions in paprika and red pepper oleoresins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 3584-3588. 

Shaikh, J., Bhosale, R., Singhal, R., 2006. Microencapsulation of black pepper oleoresin. Food Chem. 94, 105-110. 

Black pepper oleoresin. See Oleoresin black pepper... 

Synonyms Black pepper oleoresin Pepper, black, oleoresin Piper nigrum oleoresin... 

Musk (Moschus moschiferus) Mustard oil Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) extract Myrrh gum Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) oil Myrtle (Myrtus communis) extract Myrtle (Myrtus communis) oil Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) oil Oak bark extract Oakmoss (Evernia prunastri) extract Oleoresin allspice Oleoresin basil Oleoresin black pepper Oleoresin capsicum Oleoresin cardamom... 

OG is a yellowish to orange oily liquid that contains oil from cayenne pepper (oleoresin capsicum), dissolved in a propellant. It is usually dispersed by an aerosol canister or as a liquid delivered as a launched munitions or explosive device. Like tear gas, it is a skin irritant. This is nontoxic food product and not a lethal agent. It has a large safety margin. 

Capsicum (cayenne, red pepper) oleoresins. Capsaicin content, Scoville pungency index, color index. 

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