Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures

Merremosides B (13) and D (15) exhibited antiserotonergic activity in mice with Dgo values of 10 pg/cm and 2 pg/cm, (c/., promethazine, Dgo 2 pg/cm ) (24). Intraperitoneal administration to mice of tyrianthins VI (91), VIII (scammonin VI, 68), and IX (93) resulted in antidepressant activity. Also, the activities of tryanthi-nic acids I (94) and II (95), and the macrolactones scammonins I (63) and II (64), and tyrianthins VI (91), VIII (68), and IX (93) exhibited dose-dependent protective effects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Tyrianthin VI (91) and scammonin II (64) produced relaxant effects on spontaneous contractions in the isolated rat ileum. Finally, the administration of compounds 68 and 93-95 to mouse brain slices induced increments in the release of GABA and glutamic acid 48). 

Raines, A., HeIke, C.J., ladarola, M.J., Britton, L.W., and Anderson, R.J. Blockade of the tonic hindlimb extensor component of maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by drugs acting on muscle and muscle spindle systems a perspective on method. Epilepsia 17 395-402, 1976. 

These compounds are active against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Trimethadione raises the threshold for seizure discharges after repetitive thalamic stimulation. It—or, more notably, its active metabolite dimethadione—has the same effect on thalamic Ca2+ currents as ethosuximide (reducing the T-type calcium current). Thus, suppression of absence seizures is likely to depend on inhibiting the pacemaker action of thalamic neurons. 

Pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure Startle and pre-pulse inhibition Tail suspension Sexual health... 

Inhibition of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures is used as an indication of hypnotic, tranquilizer, or anticonvulsive activity. Mice or rats are given the test drug, and after 30 min a dose of pentylenetetrazol, which will cause 50% of the animals to convulse (CD50), is administered intramuscularly. A drug that increases the CD 50 may have activity of the type mentioned above. 

Copper complexes listed in Table 6.22 have been reported [324-327] to have anticonvulsant activity in the /rmol/kg dose range following subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration to rodent models of grand mal or petit mal seizures, maximal electroshock- or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures [328, 329]. Some of these compounds had a rapid onset of action, within 30 min following administration, and the anticonvulsant effect persisted for up to 8 h. Others had a delayed onset of action, approximately 4 h, with a prolonged effect lasting for up to 24 h. Most of these complexes were found to be more effective in the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure model, but lipophilic complexes were found to be effective in both models of seizure. 

PTZ — Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in animals... 

In animals, the profile of antiseizure properties for CBZ is similar to that of phenytoin. CBZ is effective in the maximal electroshock (MES) test (electrically induced seizure test) but is ineffective against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures and, indeed, may exacerbate their onset (30,41). Like phenytoin, CBZ acts on voltage-dependent sodium channels to prevent the spread of seizures. CBZ depresses synaptic transmission in the reticular activating system, thalamus, and limbic structures. In a double-blind, crossover study in patients whose seizures were not controlled completely by combinations of AED, CBZ was equal in efficacy to phenobarbital and phenytoin in controlling seizure frequency, and side effects were minimal. 

Moesgaard, B., Hansen, H. H., Hansen, S. L., Hansen, S. H., Petersen, G., and Hansen, H. S. (2003). Brain levels of iV-acylethanolamine phospholipids in mice during pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure. Lipids 38, 387-390. 

Ashwagandha has been shown to bind to the GABA receptor in mice, with studies showing a reduction in effective dose of diazepam (Kulkarni et al. 1998) and an increased seizure threshold for pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures (Kulkarni et al. 2008 Kulkarni and Dhir 2008). 

Zhu, LJ, Chen, Z, Zhang, LS, Xu, SJ, Xu, AJ, Luo, JH (2004) Spatiotemporal changes of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit levels in rats with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Neurosci Lett, 356 53-56... 

Vlainic J, Pericic D (2009) Effects of acute and repeated zolpidem treatment on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold and on locomotor activity comparison with diazepam. Neuropharmacology 56 1124-1130... 

Miscellaneous Effects. Recently, tyrianthin 6 was demonstrated (i) to result in antidepressant activity (mice, i.p.), (ii) to exhibit dose-dependent protective effects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, and (iii) to produce relaxant effects on... 

Alkoxymethyl derivatives of barbiturates and diphenylhydantoin are effective anticonvulsants . The compounds(XXVIII,XXIX) possess marked activity against both maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol induced seizures. 

Ozta , B., 1996. Asymmetrical changes in blood-brain barrier permeability during pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in rats. In Couraud, S. (Ed.), Biology and Physiology of the Blood-Brain Barrier Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, NY, pp. 335-337. 

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