2-Pentanone, naming

Draw condensed formulas for four aldehydes that are isomers of 2-pentanone. Name these compounds. 

There also exists an acidregioselective condensation of the aldol type, namely the Mannich reaction (B. Reichert, 1959 H. Hellmann, 1960 see also p. 291f.). The condensation of secondary amines with aldehydes yields Immonium salts, which react with ketones to give 3-amino ketones (=Mannich bases). Ketones with two enolizable CHj-groupings may form 1,5-diamino-3-pentanones, but monosubstitution products can always be obtained in high yield. Unsymmetrical ketones react preferentially at the most highly substituted carbon atom. Sterical hindrance can reverse this regioselectivity. Thermal elimination of amines leads to the a,)3-unsaturated ketone. Another efficient pathway to vinyl ketones starts with the addition of terminal alkynes to immonium salts. On mercury(ll) catalyzed hydration the product is converted to the Mannich base (H. Smith, 1964). 

Substitutive nomenclature (Section 4 2) Type of lUPAC nomenclature in which a substance is identified by a name ending in a suffix charactenstic of the type of compound 2 Methylbutanol 3 pentanone and 2 phenylpropanoic acid are examples of substitutive names... 

Chemical Name 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone hydrochloride Common Name —... 

Aldehydes and ketones For aldehydes, identify the parent hydrocarbon include the C of—CHO in the count of carbon atoms. Then change the final -e of the hydrocarbon name to -al. The C in the —CHO group is always carbon l, at the end of a carbon chain, and is not explicitly numbered. For ketones, change the -e of the parent hydrocarbon to -one and number the chain in the order that gives the carbonyl group the lower number. Thus, CH3CH2CH2COCH3 is 2-pentanone. 

Redox [Reduction oxidation] A process for separating the components of used nuclear fuel by solvent extraction. It was the first process to be used and was brought into operation at Hanford, United States, in 1951, but was superseded in 1954 by the Purex process. The key to the process was the alternate reduction and oxidation of the plutonium, hence the name. The solvent was Hexone (4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone), so the process was also known as the Hexone process. The aqueous phase contained a high... 

To fully characterize and categorize the solute selectivities of GC stationary phases, Rohrschneider and McRe5molds pioneered one of the earliest characterization methods [5,6]. The Rohrschneider-McReynolds system is the oldest and widely accepted stationary phase classification systems that is based on the retention of five probe molecules namely, benzene, bufanol, 2-penfanone, nifropropane, and pyridine. Each probe molecule is used to represenf a disfincf or a combination of interactions with the stationary phase. Benzene measures dispersive interactions with weak proton acceptor properties butanol measures dipolar interactions with both proton donor and proton acceptor capabilities 2-pentanone measures dipolar interactions with proton acceptor but not proton donor capabilities nitropropane measures weak dipolar interactions and pyridine measures weak dipolar interactions with strong proton acceptor but not proton donor capabilities. 

Equation 4.1 describes the Rohrschneider-McReynolds system in terms of the five probes and their corresponding phase constants namely, benzene (X ), butanol (Y ), 2-pentanone (Z ), nitropropane (U ), and pyridine (S ) with the overall difference in the Kovats retention index (AI). 

Ethyl isopropyl ketone may be alternatively named 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Its longest continuous chain has five carbons. The carbonyl carbon is C-3 irrespective of the direction in which the chain is numbered, and so we choose the direction that gives the lower number to the position that bears the methyl group. 

The longest continuous chain has five carbons, and the carbonyl carbon is C-2. Thus, methyl 2,2-dimethylpropyl ketone may also be named 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone. 

B-l. Which of the compounds shown is (are) correctly named as pentane derivatives, either as pentanals or pentanones ... 

Chemical Name l-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-(l-pyrrolidinyl)-l-pentanone hydrochloride... 

Chemical Name 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-l-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone... 

Chemical Name 2-pentanone, methyl propyl ketone... 

Chemical Name methyl isobutyl ketone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone... 

The arrangement of entries under any formula heading is alphabetic according to the preferred names of the isomers. Isomerism is not indicated in the formula index in cases in which the names differ only in position numbers or letter 2- and 3-pentanone are both indexed under C5H10O, pentanone. 

Ketones, R—C—R, are named by numbering the carbonyl C, dropping the final -e from the alkane name, and adding -one. For example, the unbranched, five-C ketone with the carbonyl C as C-2 in the chain is named 2-pentanone. Figure... 

The longest continuous chain containing the carbonyl carbon is five carbons for compounds I, V, and VI, four carbons for compounds II, III, and VII, and three carbons for compound IV. lUPAC names pentanal for compound I, 2-methylbutanal for compound II, 3-methylbutanal for compound III, 2,2-dimethylpropanaI for compound IV, 2-pentanone for compound V, 3-pentanone for compound VI, and 3-methylbutanone for compound VII. 

Synonyms/Trade Names Diacetone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one... 

Synonyms/Trade Names DEK, Dimethylacetone, Ethyl ketone, Metacetone, 3-Pentanone, Propione... 

Synonyms/Trade Names Isobutyl methyl ketone. Methyl isobutyl ketone, 4-Methyl 2-pentanone, MIBK... 

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