Pelargonidins

Alkaline degradation was used to determine the stmcture of pelargonidin [134-04-3] cyanidin [528-58-5] and delphenidin [528-53-0] by treating each of them with concentrated potassium hydroxide at 140—150°C (89). Each of them produced phloroglucinol (27) and the corresponding phenoHc ben2oic acid ... 

Giusti, M.M. et al., Molar absorptivity and color characteristics of acylated and nonacylated pelargonidin-based anthocyanins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 4631, 1999. 

Whereas the anthocyanins bear hues from orange (pelargonidin) to red (cyanidin) to blue (delphinidin), the betalains may be subdivided into distinct yellow-orange (betaxanthins) and red-violet stractures (betacyanins). On the other hand, betalainic... 

Six anthocyanidins are commonly found in plants and plant-derived foods and beverages pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Their structures differ in the number and position of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups on the flavan nucleus. The most commonly occurring anthocyanidin is cyanidin, and all these anthocyanidins are found in plants as glycosides with or without acylation, leading to around 400 different stractures. 

Cyanidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin were detected in free forms in the Tolosa bean variety. This was the first report regarding the presence of aglycones in natural form in vegetable samples. On the basis of the data obtained by HPLC-MS and chemical tests, 3-methyldelphinidin and 3-methylcyanidin were identified in scarlet red runner beans and in kidney beans. ... 

Despite the fact that a-L-rhamnosylpyranoside usually occurs in the anthocya-nins as the dissacharide rutinose, a-rhamnose was found in acerola, linked at position 3 to cyanidin and pelargonidin and to delphinidin in Vaccinium padifolium blueberries,and at the 5 position in black raspberries, " red raspberries, " and purple mashua. The D- and L-configurations were not assigned in any of these studies. 

Tamura, H., Takada, M., and Yoshida, Y, Pelargonidin-3-(9-(6-(9-malonyl- 3-D-gluco-side) mFragariaxananassaThxch. cv. Nyoho,S/osci. Biotech. Biochem., 59,1157,1995. 

Kammerer, D., Carle, R., and Schieber, A., Detection of peonidin and pelargonidin glycosides in black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 17, 2407, 2003. 

Naito, K. et al., Acylated pelargonidin glycosides from a red potato. Phytochemistry, Al, 109, 1998. 

Fossen, T., Rayyan, S., and Andersen, 0.M., Dimeric anthocyanins from strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) consisting of pelargonidin 3-glucoside covalently linked to four flavan-3-ols. Phytochemistry, 65, 1421, 2004. 

FIGURE 6.3.3 Fragment patterns of anthocyanins A, dephinidin 3-xyl-glc from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) B, pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl-sophoroside)-5-(malonyl-glucose) from radish (Raphanus sativus). (Source Giusti, M.M. et ah, J. Agric. Food Chem., 47,4657, 1999.)... 

FIGURE 13.4 Typical structures for main classes of flavonoids naringin chalcone, 4,6,4 -trihydroxyaurone, apigenin (flavone), and pelargonidin (anthocyanidin). 

Raphanus sativus cotyledons 0.5 0 a feruloyl derivative-70 kaempferol-80 pelargonidin-85 (56) ... 

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