PEDRI

Hydration dynamics, Portable NMR, PEDRI, Overhauser MRI, RELIC. 

In this review, we focus on solution-state DNP studies utilizing the Overhauser effect. Solid-state DNP is not included in this review,9,10 nor are experiments where the hyperpolarization is performed in the solid state before melting11,12 or dissolving8,13,14 the sample into solution. Chemically induced DNP (CIDNP)15-17 and the Overhauser effect of conduction electrons18,19 are also excluded, and the interested reader is referred to the cited papers for more information. The principles and prospects of proton-electron double resonance imaging (PEDRI) are briefly included, as a thorough coverage of this research area is out of the scope of this document. 

Figure 1 Experimental solution-state DNP papers cited in this work, displayed by the year of publication. Papers with PEDRI results are not included in this chart because only selected PEDRI papers are cited in this review.

PEDRI (also known as Overhauser MRI) integrates the principles of Overhauser DNP with MRI to provide information on the spatial distribution of free radicals within the system of interest. Much work has been done to... 

Figure 9 Time-dependent PEDRI images of a living mouse with an intravenous infusion of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-carboxylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl (PCA) radical. (A) The posterior slice (a-e) no ESR irradiation, (f-j) 12 W of ESR irradiation and (k-o) the subtraction of ESR on and off images. (B) The anterior slice (a -e ) no ESR irradiation, (f -j ) 12 W of ESR irradiation and (k -o ) the subtraction of ESR on and off images. The posterior images show that PCA is initially distributed in the heart, lungs, kidneys and major vessels, while the anterior images show that PCA is collected in the bladder over time. Adapted with permission from Ref. [160].

Pedri, P, De Palo, S., Orignac, E., Citro, R., and Chiofalo, M.L., Collective excitations of trapped one-dimensional dipolar quantum gases, Phys. Rev. A, 11, 015601, 2008. 

In vivo EPR (ESR), ed. L.J. Berliner, in Biological Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 18, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003 R 208 D.J. Lurie, Proton-Electron Double-Resonance Imaging (PEDRI) , p. 547... 

Proton-Electron Donble-Resonance Imaging (PEDRI)... 

A potentially useful application of PEDRI is the measurement of oxygen concentrations in vivo, by exploiting the broadening effect of dissolved oxygen on the EPR lines of free radical probe molecules, an effect used for many years in EPR oximetry. The potential for PEDRI oximetry was realised very early in the... 

As seen in the previous section, the majority of publications describing applications of EPRI and PEDRI are in the biomedical field. Nevertheless, there are a number of other areas of research where the techniques can provide important information which, in some cases, is not available by other means. 

---